Physical Activity Level, Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Profile Among Students in Sergipe State Attending Public Schools

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality among adults. Evidence has shown that sedentary behaviors are the main preventable outcome, however, many sedentary children also become sedentary adults. Therefore, identifying potential risk factors as early as possible contributes to therapeutic success. Objective To achieve an anthropometric and cardiovascular mapping of school-age students from Sergipe State, Brazil. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study with a representative sample from public schools in the state of Sergipe (n= 4700). Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed, and the Global School-based Student Health Survey was used to assess the physical activity level. An independent samples t-test was performed for all comparisons, and significance was established at 5% (p<0.05). Results Despite showing mean blood pressure values within reasonable limits (SBP = 114.1±12.4 mm Hg and DBP = 66.3±8.1 mm Hg), school-age students did not comply with global recommendations for health promotion. It was also observed a high rate of low body weight (42.6%), suggesting dietary compromises, which can interfere with the development of this population. In addition, only 7.3% of students met the minimum physical activity criteria proposed for maintaining their health status. Conclusion The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of maintaining Physical Education classes as an essential curricular component, since they provide several health benefits and ensure that this population reaches the minimum daily recommendations, preventing diseases in adult life. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

【研究背景】心血管疾病是成人死亡的首要病因。已有研究证实，久坐行为是最主要的可预防致病因素，然而许多久坐的儿童日后也会成长为久坐的成人。因此，尽早识别潜在风险因素有助于提升治疗成效。
【研究目的】旨在绘制巴西塞尔希培州学龄学生的人体测量学与心血管指标图谱。
【研究方法】本研究为基于学校的横断面研究，样本取自塞尔希培州公立学校的代表性群体（n=4700）。研究人员采集了受试者的人体测量学数据与血压测量值，并采用全球学校学生健康调查（Global School-based Student Health Survey）评估其身体活动水平。所有组间比较均采用独立样本t检验，检验水准设定为5%（p<0.05）。
【研究结果】尽管受试学龄学生的平均血压值处于合理范围（收缩压[SBP]=114.1±12.4 mm Hg，舒张压[DBP]=66.3±8.1 mm Hg），但该群体未达到全球健康促进推荐标准。同时观察到低体重发生率高达42.6%，提示存在膳食摄入失衡的情况，这可能对该人群的生长发育造成不良影响。此外，仅有7.3%的学生达到维持健康状态所需的最低身体活动标准。
【研究结论】本研究结果强调了将体育课作为核心必修课程的重要性，因为体育课可带来多重健康益处，并确保该群体达到每日身体活动推荐量，从而预防成年期疾病的发生。（《国际心血管科学杂志》[Int J Cardiovasc Sci]，2020；[在线预印版]，页码0-0）