A POBREZA MULTIDIMENSIONAL NO ESTADO DA BAHIA DIMINUIU? EVIDÊNCIAS A PARTIR DA ABORDAGEM DE BOURGUIGNON E CHAKRAVARTY

ABSTRACT Most analysis of the poverty phenomenon have given special focus to their one-dimensional structure, which is defined as insufficient income of individuals. However, more recently many researchers have addressed the multidimensional poverty perspective, taking into consideration other aspects in addition to income. With that respect, this article aims to investigate the multidimensional poverty in the state of Bahia in the period between 2006 and 2013. To this end, a recent methodology proposed by Bourguignon and Chakravarty (2003) has been employed, based on the basic needs approach and the theory of training. For the sake of calculating the size deprivation indicators, related gaps and multidimensional poverty rates, we used data from the National Survey by Household Sampling (PNAD/IBGE) .The results show that multidimensional poverty has decrease by 4.41% in the state of Bahia, while in rural and urban areas, the proportion of poor declined by 5.61% and 4.39% respectively. On the other hand, when it comes to the groups that make up the analysis, poverty reduction for males and females was relatively fair. However, it can highlight significant retraction of the children related indicator in 5.47% in the period analyzed.

摘要 现有贫困研究多聚焦于单维度贫困框架，即将贫困界定为个人收入不足。但近年来，学界逐步转向多维贫困视角，在收入维度之外纳入多元生活维度开展研究。基于上述研究背景，本文旨在探究2006至2013年巴伊亚州的多维贫困（multidimensional poverty）状况。为此，本文采用Bourguignon与Chakravarty（2003）提出的前沿研究方法，该方法以基本需求法与人力资本培训理论为支撑。为测算贫困剥夺指标、贫困缺口及多维贫困发生率，本文使用了巴西地理与统计研究所（IBGE）开展的全国住户抽样调查（PNAD）数据。研究结果表明，巴伊亚州多维贫困发生率下降4.41%；其中农村与城镇地区的贫困群体占比分别下降5.61%与4.39%。另一方面，就本次研究的细分群体而言，男性与女性群体的减贫幅度相对均衡。不过值得注意的是，研究期内儿童相关贫困指标显著收窄5.47%。