Análisis de los alcances del Programa Ñepytyvo en la agricultura familiar de Santa Rosa de Lima, Paraguay

The development of family farming in Santa Rosa de Lima (Misiones, Paraguay) depends, largely, on the implementation of agrarian policies adapted to the current needs of this sector. Under this premise, the Ñepytyvo Program was carried out since 2003, an initiative that emerged jointly between producers and the Departmental Government focusing on expanding access to the mechanization of production processes. The basic objective was to ensure the preparation of the soil for family farms, as well as other government benefits that were added throughout its implementation – such as the soil reclamation project, and the breeding of small farm animals such as poultry and pigs. Despite its achievements, it would be worth asking: What do beneficiary families think about this program? Are they satisfied with the attention provided by the State? The purpose of this research was to find answers to this question(s), as well as to know the working conditions of the families. The empirical basis of the study resulted from the application of in-depth interviews for public authorities, and seventy surveys to a probability sample of 70 rural families, with a semi-structured questionnaire of open and closed questions for rural families. The data highlighted that currently only 30% of family farmers surveyed are fully satisfied. The biggest drawback, for most growers, is that jobs are not done at the right time. The producers allege that technical support is imperative to control the production activities, and that the mechanization tasks are focused on the reclamation of soils and the provision of machines, equipment and tools, in order to increase their level of autonomy. In addition, they consider that expanding the agreement between EBY-Government-MAG in necessary, in order to provide producers with low-power tractors with their implements and offer technical support to organized family groups.

巴拉圭米西奥内斯省圣罗莎德利马地区家庭农业的发展，在很大程度上依赖于能否实施适应该部门当前需求的农业政策。在此前提下，Ñepytyvo计划（Ñepytyvo Program）自2003年起启动，这是一项由生产者与省政府联合发起的倡议，旨在扩大生产过程机械化的可及性。其核心目标是保障家庭农场的土壤备耕工作，以及在计划实施过程中新增的其他政府福利——例如土壤改良项目、家禽与生猪等小型家畜养殖项目。尽管该计划取得了一定成效，但仍有必要追问：受益家庭对该计划的评价如何？他们对国家提供的支持是否满意？本研究旨在解答这些问题，并了解受益家庭的生产条件。研究的实证基础来源于两部分：一是对公共当局开展的深度访谈（in-depth interviews），二是对70个农村家庭的概率样本（probability sample）实施的70次调查——针对农村家庭采用的是包含开放式与封闭式问题的半结构化问卷（semi-structured questionnaire）。数据显示，目前接受调查的家庭农户中仅有30%完全满意。多数种植户反映的最大问题是作业未能按时完成。生产者指出，技术支持对生产活动的管控至关重要，且机械化任务应聚焦于土壤改良以及机械、设备与工具的供给，以提升其自主经营水平。此外，他们认为有必要拓展EBY-政府-MAG三方协议，为生产者提供配备农具的低功率拖拉机，并为有组织的家庭农户群体提供技术支持。