Dual Task Training Interventions and Mobility-Based Outcomes in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) struggle in dual task (DT) situations, where interference may decrease performance when executing two simultaneous tasks. Dual task training (DTT) improves primary motor performance in individuals with typical development and neurological conditions, and emerging research also suggests benefits for DT performance. Its potential in children with CP, however, remains unexplored. This scoping review aims to (1) identify; (2) describe; and (3) synthesize the current evidence for DTT interventions in children with CP, and (4) evaluating its effects on mobility-based impairment, activity, and participation level outcomes.
Five electronic databases were searched. Studies were included if they were in English, included children with CP, used a motor-motor or motor-cognitive DTT intervention, detailed the intervention, and reported results.
The six studies included 117 children with CP (F: 50, M: 67) and used motor-motor (n = 2) and motor-cognitive (n = 4) DTT paradigms. Training ranged from 480 to 1800 min, and all studies showed improved primary motor task performance.
Despite the study heterogeneity, the results provide early, yet promising, evidence that DTT may enhance primary motor task performance in children with CP. Robust and rigorous research is needed to explore the effects of exercise prescription, training regimens, and optimal dosing on motor and cognitive outcomes.

脑瘫（cerebral palsy, CP）儿童在双重任务（dual task, DT）情境中常面临功能挑战：当同时执行两项任务时，任务间的相互干扰会降低其任务表现。双重任务训练（dual task training, DTT）可改善典型发育人群及神经系统疾病患者的初级运动表现，现有新兴研究亦表明其对双重任务表现具有积极作用。然而，该训练方式在脑瘫儿童中的应用潜力仍未得到充分探索。本范围综述旨在达成四大目标：（1）明确相关研究文献；（2）梳理现有研究证据；（3）综合脑瘫儿童双重任务训练干预的当前研究成果；（4）评估其对基于移动能力的损伤、活动能力及参与度结局指标的影响。
本研究检索了五个电子数据库。纳入研究需满足以下标准：研究语言为英语、研究对象为脑瘫儿童、采用运动-运动型或运动-认知型双重任务训练干预、详细描述了干预方案且报告了最终研究结果。
最终纳入的6项研究共涉及117名脑瘫儿童（女性50名，男性67名），所使用的训练范式涵盖运动-运动型（n=2）与运动-认知型（n=4）两类。训练时长介于480至1800分钟之间，所有研究均显示受试儿童的初级运动任务表现得到了显著改善。
尽管纳入研究存在一定异质性，但现有结果已提供了初步且颇具前景的证据，表明双重任务训练可有效改善脑瘫儿童的初级运动任务表现。未来仍需开展严谨且稳健的相关研究，以探索运动处方、训练方案及最优剂量对运动与认知结局的具体影响。