Patient characteristics (n = 70).

PRES, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy syndrome; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; [26] GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale score [14], [15].Age (yr): 38±15 (Mean ± sd).ΣLumbar puncture, n = 40 (57%); Average Cell count (number/µL): 17 (range, 0–320); average glucose (mmol/L): 4.1 (range, 0.6–6.6); average protein (g/L): 0.81 (range, 0.25–4.2).‡CT scan only, n = 12 (17%); MRI only, n = 25 (36%); CT scan and MRI, n = 33 (47%).ФRefractory status epilepticus was defined as continuous or intermittent seizures despite treatment with an intravenous benzodiazepine (clonazepam or diazepam) and intravenous phenytoin, fosphenytoin, or phenobarbital [19].†Electrical status epilepticus was diagnosed when the patient was found in a coma with or without subtle convulsive movements but with generalized or lateralized ictal discharges on the electroencephalogram (n = 59). [21].£Reversibility was partial in 21 (43%) and total in 22 (45%) patients.Ψamong patients with follow-up imaging studies, n = 49 (70%).Θhaemorrhagic, n = 6 (12%); ischaemic, n = 4 (8.2%) (A given patient could have more than one complication.).‡Four deaths directly ascribable to PRES: one patient each had brain death related to cardiac arrest complicating the treatment of status epilepticus, refractory status epilepticus with multi-organ failure, cerebral haemorrhage with ventricular flooding, and brain death related to cerebral herniation complicating cerebral ischaemia.

后部可逆性脑病综合征（Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy syndrome, PRES）；计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）；磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）；重症监护病房（Intensive Care Unit, ICU）；简化急性生理学评分（Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SAPS）；格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分（Glasgow Coma Scale score, GCS）[14,15,26]。年龄（岁）：38±15（均值±标准差）。腰椎穿刺例数：40例（57%）；平均细胞计数（个/μL）：17（范围：0~320）；平均葡萄糖浓度（mmol/L）：4.1（范围：0.6~6.6）；平均蛋白浓度（g/L）：0.81（范围：0.25~4.2）。‡仅行CT扫描者：12例（17%）；仅行MRI者：25例（36%）；同时行CT与MRI者：33例（47%）。Ф难治性癫痫持续状态的定义为：经静脉使用苯二氮䓬类药物（氯硝西泮或地西泮）及静脉苯妥英、磷苯妥英或苯巴比妥治疗后，仍出现持续或间歇性癫痫发作者[19]。†电发作性癫痫持续状态的诊断标准为：患者处于昏迷状态，伴或不伴轻微抽搐运动，但脑电图可见全面性或偏侧性发作样放电，共59例[21]。£21例（43%）患者的影像学异常为部分可逆，22例（45%）患者的影像学异常完全可逆。Ψ行影像学随访检查的患者共49例（70%）。Θ出血性并发症6例（12%），缺血性并发症4例（8.2%），同一名患者可合并多种并发症。‡因PRES直接导致的死亡共4例：分别为癫痫持续状态治疗过程中并发心搏骤停所致脑死亡、伴多器官衰竭的难治性癫痫持续状态、伴脑室充盈的脑出血、脑缺血并发脑疝所致脑死亡。