Data_Sheet_4_Auditory P300 in individuals with high schizotypy: associations of schizotypal traits with amplitude and latency under different oddball conditions.XLS

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of auditory P300 between non-clinical individuals with high and low schizotypal traits, and investigate the relationship between schizotypy and P300 under various oddball conditions.
MethodsAn extreme-group design was adopted. After screening 1,519 young adults using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), sixty-three participants were chosen and divided into two groups (schizotypy group: 31 participants; control group: 32 participants). Basic demographic information was assessed and matched between groups. Depression and anxiety indexes were evaluated and controlled. The P300 component was evoked by an auditory oddball paradigm with different frequencies and durations.
Results(1) The duration P300 amplitude at PZ site was significantly weaker in the schizotypy group than in the control group [F(1,54) = 7.455, p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.121]. (2) In the schizotypy group, the latency of frequency P300 at PZ site under large-variant oddball condition was significantly correlated with total SPQ scores (rp = 0.451, p = 0.018) and disorganized dimension scores (rp = 0.381, p = 0.050). (3) In the control group, significantly negative correlations was found between the negative dimension score of SPQ and the frequency P300 amplitudes under small variant condition (PZ: rp = −0.393, p = 0.043; CPZ: rp = −0.406, p = 0.035). In addition, a significant negative relationship was found between disorganized dimension scores and the duration P300 latency at CPZ site under large-variant oddball condition (rp = −0.518, p = 0.006). Moreover, a significant negative association was found between the duration P300 amplitude at CPZ site under small-variant oddball condition and negative factor scores (rp = −0.410, p = 0.034).
ConclusionIndividuals with high schizotypal traits were likely to have deficient attention and hypoactive working memory for processing auditory information, especially the duration of sounds. P300 effects were correlated with negative and disorganized schizotypy, rather than positive schizotypy. There were diverse patterns of relationship between schizotypal traits and P300 under different oddball conditions, suggesting that characteristics and parameters of target stimuli should be considered cautiously when implementing an auditory oddball paradigm for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum.

背景 本研究旨在比较高、低分裂型特质（schizotypal traits）非临床个体的听觉P300（auditory P300）特征，并探究不同oddball范式条件下分裂型特质与P300之间的关联。
方法 采用极端组设计。通过分裂型人格问卷（Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, SPQ）对1519名青年成人进行筛查后，选取63名被试并分为两组：分裂型特质组（31名）与对照组（32名）。对两组的基础人口学资料进行评估与匹配，并对抑郁、焦虑指标进行评估与控制。采用包含不同频率与时长的听觉oddball范式（auditory oddball paradigm）诱发P300成分。
结果 （1）分裂型特质组在PZ电极位点的时长相关P300波幅显著低于对照组[F(1,54)=7.455, p=0.009, ηp²=0.121]。（2）在分裂型特质组中，大偏差oddball条件下PZ电极位点的频率相关P300潜伏期与SPQ总分（rp=0.451, p=0.018）及瓦解维度得分（rp=0.381, p=0.050）呈显著正相关。（3）在对照组中，小偏差oddball条件下，SPQ阴性维度得分与频率相关P300波幅呈显著负相关（PZ位点：rp=-0.393, p=0.043；CPZ位点：rp=-0.406, p=0.035）。此外，大偏差oddball条件下CPZ电极位点的时长相关P300潜伏期与瓦解维度得分呈显著负相关（rp=-0.518, p=0.006）；小偏差oddball条件下CPZ电极位点的时长相关P300波幅与阴性因子得分亦呈显著负相关（rp=-0.410, p=0.034）。
结论 高分裂型特质个体在加工听觉信息（尤其是声音时长）时，可能存在注意力缺陷与工作记忆功能低下的情况。P300效应与分裂型特质的阴性、瓦解维度相关，而非阳性维度。不同oddball条件下，分裂型特质与P300的关联模式存在差异，这提示在为精神分裂症谱系（schizophrenia spectrum）个体实施听觉oddball范式时，需谨慎考量靶刺激的特征与参数设置。