Basic information of respondents.

In recent decades, the concept of "Physical Literacy" has emerged as a significant breakthrough in enhancing the physical health of children and adolescents. This concept has become the guiding principle and future direction for physical education reform in Western countries. As China’s economic and social development enters a new phase, the negative impact of insufficient physical activity on adolescent health remains a significant challenge to the strategies of "Healthy China" and "A Leading Sports Nation." The unique value of physical literacy, which emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity, aligns perfectly with the developmental needs of the nation, the era, and individuals. Given the crucial role of interpersonal support in the development of adolescents’ physical literacy, this study employs questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis to investigate the current state of physical literacy among Chinese adolescents. It explores the predictive relationship between parental support, teacher support, and peer support on physical literacy, aiming to provide guidance for the future development of adolescents’ physical literacy. The research findings indicate significant differences in the five dimensions of physical literacy (attitude, sports knowledge, emotion, athletic ability, and physical fitness) among adolescents of different grades and residence type. Additionally, there are notable gender differences in the dimensions of sports knowledge, emotion, and athletic ability. The interaction effect of gender and grade is particularly evident in the emotional and physical fitness dimensions. There is a significant correlation between interpersonal support and all dimensions of physical literacy. After controlling for variables such as gender, grade, and family background, interpersonal support for adolescent physical exercise was found to have a significant impact on all dimensions of physical literacy. Among the forms of support, peer support was identified as a more powerful predictor of physical literacy compared to parental and teacher support.

近数十年来，“身体素养（Physical Literacy）”概念已成为提升儿童与青少年身体健康水平的重要突破。该概念现已成为西方国家体育教育改革的指导原则与未来发展方向。随着中国经济社会发展迈入新阶段，青少年体育活动不足对健康造成的负面影响，仍是“健康中国”与“体育强国”战略面临的重大挑战。身体素养强调规律体育活动的重要性，其独特价值与国家、时代及个体的发展需求高度契合。鉴于人际支持在青少年身体素养发展中的关键作用，本研究采用问卷调查与统计分析方法，对中国青少年身体素养现状展开调研，并探讨父母支持、教师支持与同伴支持对身体素养的预测关系，旨在为青少年身体素养的未来发展提供实践指导。研究结果表明：不同年级与居住类型的青少年，在身体素养的五个维度（态度、运动知识、情绪、运动能力与体能）上均存在显著差异；此外，在运动知识、情绪与运动能力维度上存在显著性别差异；性别与年级的交互效应在情绪与体能维度上尤为突出。人际支持与身体素养的所有维度均存在显著相关性。在控制性别、年级与家庭背景等变量后，青少年体育锻炼的人际支持对身体素养的所有维度均具有显著影响。在各类支持形式中，相较于父母支持与教师支持，同伴支持对身体素养的预测效力更强。