Growth and production of tomato fertilized with ash and castor cake and under varying water depths, cultivated in organic potponics

ABSTRACT. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of ash (40, 80, and 120 g per plant), castor cake (140 and 280 g per plant) and water depth (135, 165, 191, and 213 mm) on the growth and production of organic tomato cultivated in pots in a greenhouse. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the irrigation was managed using an automatic irrigation device. The following variables were evaluated: plant heights, numbers of leaves, bunches, flowers and fruits, total mass of fruits, mass of marketable fruits, mass of fruits with blossom-end rot, total diameter of fruits, and diameter of marketable fruits. Most of the growth variables showed gains with the application of 140 g of ash and 280 g of cake. The dose of 280 g of castor cake was responsible for the greatest mass of marketable fruits (1.78 kg per plant), regardless of the ash dose. The water deficit reduced values of most of the variables of growth and production. The irrigation depth of 213 mm was responsible for the greatest mass of marketable fruits (4.04 kg per plant). The highest water use efficiencies, 37.00 and 37.93 kg m-3, were observed at irrigation depths of 191 and 213 mm, respectively.

摘要：本研究开展两项试验，旨在评估灰肥（ash）、蓖麻饼肥（castor cake）与灌水深（water depth）对温室盆栽有机番茄生长及产量的影响，其中灰肥每株施用量设置为40、80、120g，蓖麻饼肥每株施用量设置为140、280g，灌水深设置为135、165、191、213mm。试验采用随机区组设计（randomized blocks），灌溉由自动灌溉设备调控。本研究评估的指标包括：株高、叶片数、花序数、花数、坐果数、果实总质量、商品果质量、脐腐病（blossom-end rot）果质量、果实总直径及商品果直径。结果显示，施用140g灰肥与280g饼肥时，多数生长性状指标出现提升。无论灰肥施用量如何，280g蓖麻饼肥处理均可获得最高的商品果质量（每株1.78kg）。水分亏缺会导致多数生长及产量指标的数值下降。灌水深213mm处理的商品果质量最高（每株4.04kg）。在灌水深191mm与213mm时，分别观测到最高的水分利用效率，分别为37.00与37.93 kg·m⁻³。