Integration of sweet taste and metabolism determines carbohydrate reward

Behavioral data for manuscript "Integration of sweet taste and metabolism determines carbohydrate reward"

Maria Geraldine Veldhuizen, Richard Keith Babbs, Barkha Patel, Wambura Fobbs, Nils B Kroemer, Elizabeth Garcia, Martin R. Yeomans, and Dana M Small.

Summary of paper:
Post-ingestive signals related to nutrient metabolism are thought to be the primary drivers of reinforcement potency of energy sources. Here, in a series of neuroimaging and indirect calorimetry human studies, we examine the relative roles of caloric load and perceived sweetness in driving metabolic, perceptual and brain responses to sugared beverages. Whereas caloric load was manipulated using the tasteless carbohydrate maltodextrin, sweetness levels were manipulated using the non-nutritive sweetener sucralose. By formulating beverages that contain different amounts of maltodextrin+sucralose, we demonstrate a non-linear association between caloric load, metabolic response and reinforcement potency, which is driven in part by the extent to which sweetness is proportional to caloric load. In particular, we show that (1) lower calorie beverages can produce greater metabolic response and condition greater brain response and liking than higher calorie beverages and (2) when sweetness is proportional to caloric load greater metabolic responses are observed. These results demonstrate a non-linear association between caloric load and reward and describe an unanticipated role for sweet taste in regulating carbohydrate metabolism, revealing a novel mechanism by which sugar-sweetened beverages influence physiological responses to carbohydrate ingestion.

本数据集为论文《甜味感知与代谢整合决定碳水化合物奖赏》（"Integration of sweet taste and metabolism determines carbohydrate reward"）的配套行为学数据。

作者列表：Maria Geraldine Veldhuizen、Richard Keith Babbs、Barkha Patel、Wambura Fobbs、Nils B Kroemer、Elizabeth Garcia、Martin R. Yeomans 与 Dana M. Small.

论文摘要：
既往研究认为，与营养代谢相关的摄食后信号是决定能量来源强化效力的核心驱动因素。本研究通过一系列针对人类的神经影像学（neuroimaging）与间接测热法（indirect calorimetry）实验，系统探究了热量负荷（caloric load）与主观甜味感知在调控含糖饮料引发的代谢、感知及大脑响应中的相对作用。
研究中，我们通过无味道碳水化合物麦芽糊精（maltodextrin）操控热量负荷，利用非营养性甜味剂三氯蔗糖（sucralose）调节甜味浓度。通过配制不同配比的麦芽糊精与三氯蔗糖混合饮料，我们证实了热量负荷、代谢反应与强化效力之间存在非线性关联，且该关联在一定程度上由甜味与热量负荷的匹配程度决定。
具体而言，我们发现：(1) 低热量饮料相较高热量饮料可引发更强的代谢反应，并诱导更强的大脑激活与喜好度；(2) 当甜味与热量负荷成正比时，会观测到更为显著的代谢反应。
本研究结果证实了热量负荷与奖赏之间的非线性关联，揭示了甜味感知在调控碳水化合物代谢中此前未被关注的重要作用，阐明了含糖饮料影响碳水化合物摄入后生理反应的全新机制。