Tab.2+3: Potential of biotic and enzymatic activities and chemical features in different soils from Spitsbergen

Chemical analyses showed that on the western coast of Spitsbergen some soils have a very high content of organic matter (2.15-5.63 Ct %) in the top layer while other soils show significantly lower quantities (0.75-0.82 Ct %). With respect to the total nitrogen content (Nt %) a similar situation can be found. Investigations in upper soil horizons, carried out for 5 places in Spitsbergen, showed that one of the soils studied was very little developed with 51,000 colony forming units (cfu) /g dried soil while four soils were more developed with 233,600-695,000 cfu/g dry wt. Heterotrophie, aerobic, non-sporogenous and Gram-negative bacteria are typical for the rhizosphere. Micromycetes, however, were very scarce, soil respiration and cellulolytic potentials were similar to those found in acid and cold soils of Romania (temperate climate). The five soils were enzymatically tested for: catalase, saccharase, urease and total phosphatase potentials. It is important to underline that the biotic and enzymatic potentials of the four more developed soils from Spitsbergen are comparable with the poorer soils from Romania. In Spitsbergen the period with a climate favorable for biological processes is too short (2-3 months) and consequently the organic layer is only 9-12 cm thick.

化学分析结果显示，在斯匹次卑尔根岛（Spitsbergen）西海岸的表层土壤中，部分土壤的有机质含量极高（2.15~5.63 Ct %），其余土壤的有机质含量则显著偏低（0.75~0.82 Ct %）。就总氮含量（Nt %）而言，也存在类似的分布特征。研究人员对斯匹次卑尔根岛5个采样点的上层土壤发生层开展调查后发现，在所研究的5份土壤中，有1份发育程度极低，其干土中的菌落形成单位（colony forming units, cfu）为51000个/克；其余4份土壤的发育程度更高，菌落形成单位为233600~695000个/克干重。异养、好氧、无芽孢革兰氏阴性细菌是根际环境的典型类群。不过微型真菌（micromycetes）的丰度极低；土壤呼吸活性与纤维素分解潜能，与温带气候下罗马尼亚的酸性寒冷土壤的测定结果相近。研究人员对这5份土壤开展了酶学检测，涵盖过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶与总磷酸酶活性潜能。需要特别强调的是，斯匹次卑尔根岛4份发育程度更高的土壤，其生物与酶学活性潜能与罗马尼亚的贫瘠土壤相当。斯匹次卑尔根岛的适宜生物活动的气候周期极短（仅2~3个月），因此其有机质层厚度仅为9~12厘米。