Archaeological Monitoring of Four Well Field Sites on Navajo Nation and Hopi Tribe Lands Near Leupp, Navajo County, Arizona: Photos

The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) investigated a potential well field southwest of the community of Leupp on the Navajo Nation, and north of Meteor Crater on Hopi Tribal lands. Five well sites were originally identified to assess the overall potential for developing a well field to pump ground water for delivery by pipeline to the Peabody Coal Mine as well as to Hopi and Navajo communities. Under an on-call contract with Reclamation, at the request of Jon Czaplicki, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted an intensive Class III cultural resources survey of the five well sites to provide an inventory and assessment of cultural resources that might be affected by the proposed undertaking (Jolly and Aguila 2004). Thirteen prehistoric and historic sites were identified. Avoidance of five eligible sites (AZ O:49:01, AZ N:56:09, AZ N:56:11, Hopi Site 011-2004, and Hopi Site 013-2004) and four sites of unknown eligibility (AZ N:56:06, AZ N:56:07, AZ N:56:08, and AZ N:56:10) was recommended. If eligible sites could not be avoided, then development of a treatment plan was recommended to ensure the undertaking would have no adverse effect on the cultural resources. If sites of unknown eligibility could not be avoided, then testing was recommended to determine the presence and evaluate the condition of the subsurface deposits. No further work was recommended for the not eligible sites.
In consultation with the Navajo Nation and Hopi Tribe, Reclamation determined that archaeological monitoring and related site visits were required for four of the five well sites (1–4) at six prehistoric and historic sites during the drilling phase for this project. Under our on-call contract with Reclamation, ACS was directed to monitor the drilling operations at Well Sites 1–3 for the first 5 feet of drilling or until drilling hits bedrock, whichever came first. At Well Site 3, the monitor was to identify an area for the drilling contractor near the drill site where spoil material from drilling could be dispersed. Because AZ O:49:01 is a large, dispersed lithic scatter, this area ideally was to have as few surface artifacts as possible. At Well Site 4, the monitor was to be present during installation of a new pump at the existing well site to ensure that none of the recorded features at Hopi site 013-2004 were disturbed. The monitor was also to visit this site during the pump test to determine if water runoff might have uncovered any buried features. Another monitoring task was to ensure that the previous sites recommended as eligible or potentially eligible were not inadvertently impacted by drilling operations
These photos were taken during the project.
The photo log can be found at tDAR ID: 393881.
The monitoring report is available at tDAR ID: 393880.

美国垦务局（Bureau of Reclamation）曾对纳瓦霍族（Navajo Nation）莱普（Leupp）社区西南侧、霍皮部落（Hopi Tribe）土地上的陨石坑（Meteor Crater）以北区域的潜在井场开展调研。最初确定了5处井位，以评估开发井场的整体潜力，通过管道抽取地下水，供给皮博迪煤矿（Peabody Coal Mine）以及霍皮族和纳瓦霍族社区。
应乔恩·查普利基（Jon Czaplicki）的请求，根据与美国垦务局签订的待命服务合同，考古咨询服务有限公司（Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd.，简称ACS）对该5处井位开展了密集型第三类文化资源调查，以编制文化资源名录并评估拟议工程可能涉及的文化资源影响（Jolly与Aguila，2004）。此次调查共发现13处史前及历史时期遗址。报告建议避开5处符合资质的遗址（AZ O:49:01、AZ N:56:09、AZ N:56:11、霍皮遗址011-2004及霍皮遗址013-2004），以及4处资质待定的遗址（AZ N:56:06、AZ N:56:07、AZ N:56:08及AZ N:56:10）。若无法避开符合资质的遗址，建议制定处理方案以确保工程不会对文化资源造成不利影响；若无法避开资质待定的遗址，则建议开展勘探以确定地下堆积物的存在并评估其保存状况；对于不符合资质的遗址，则无需开展进一步工作。
经与纳瓦霍族及霍皮部落磋商，美国垦务局确定本项目钻井阶段需对5处井位中的4处（1至4号井位）涉及的6处史前及历史时期遗址开展考古监测及相关现场踏勘。根据与美国垦务局签订的待命服务合同，ACS被指派对1至3号井位的钻井作业开展监测，监测时长为钻井初始5英尺深度或至钻遇基岩为止，以先发生者为准。在3号井位，监测人员需为钻井承包商划定钻台附近的区域，用于堆放钻井产生的钻屑。由于AZ O:49:01是一处大面积分散的石器散布点，该区域应尽量减少地表人工制品留存。在4号井位，监测人员需在现有井位安装新水泵期间到场，确保不会扰动霍皮遗址013-2004中已记录的遗迹；同时需在水泵测试期间到访该遗址，以判断是否因径流暴露了任何埋藏遗迹。另一项监测任务是确保此前被建议为符合资质或潜在符合资质的遗址不会因钻井作业受到意外破坏。
本项目期间拍摄了相关照片。照片日志可通过tDAR编号393881查阅。监测报告可通过tDAR编号393880查阅。