Gender inequities regarding the HPV vaccination coverage in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gender-neutral HPV vaccination is the most effective method for cervical cancer elimination and reduces the burden of HPV-associated cancers. This systematic review aims to analyze gender inequities in the HPV vaccine uptake in high-income countries. Electronic databases and official websites were searched using specific search terms for articles published between January 2010 and 2025. The systematic review was reported based on the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The meta-analysis component was modified appropriately to synthesize the pooled prevalence of the HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents, men having sex with men and transgender persons with 95% confidence interval (CI). Higher HPV vaccine uptake was observed among adolescent girls in comparison to boys in high-income countries. Meanwhile, the HPV vaccine uptake among gender diverse individuals was minimal. Substantial gender inequities exist in the HPV vaccination coverage among adolescents and young adults from high-income countries. However, the data among gender diverse individuals were retrieved from small clinic-based studies in the USA and may not be generalizable to all gender diverse individuals. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025641689.

无性别偏向的人乳头瘤病毒（Human Papillomavirus, HPV）疫苗接种是消除宫颈癌的最有效手段，同时可减轻HPV相关癌症的疾病负担。本系统综述旨在分析高收入国家中HPV疫苗接种率方面的性别不平等问题。研究通过特定检索词检索电子数据库与官方网站，纳入2010年1月至2025年期间发表的相关文献。本系统综述的报告遵循了更新版《系统综述与元分析首选报告条目》（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses, PRISMA）清单。本研究对元分析部分进行了适当调整，以合并分析青少年、男男性行为者及跨性别群体的HPV疫苗接种合并患病率，并报告95%置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）。结果显示，高收入国家中青春期女性的HPV疫苗接种率高于青春期男性；与此同时，性别多元群体的HPV疫苗接种率极低。高收入国家的青少年与年轻成人HPV疫苗接种覆盖率存在显著的性别不平等问题。但现有性别多元群体相关数据均来自美国的小型临床门诊研究，其结果未必可推广至所有性别多元群体。https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025641689.