Frugivorous flies and their parasitoids associated with Surinam cherry fruits

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to know and assess natural infestation of frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids in Surinam cherry fruits. The survey was conducted in an organic orchard, located in the municipality of Maceió, Alagoas. From October 2010 to January 2011, mature green, half-ripe and ripe Surinam cherry were collected. Infestation index was higher for mature green and half-ripe fruits. Five species of frugivorous flies were identified: Anastrepha fraterculus , Anastrepha obliqua , Anastrepha sororcul , Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Neosilba pendula (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). It were identified the parasitoids: Doryctobracon areolatus , Opius bellus, Utetes anastrephae and Asobara anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), being D. areolatus with highest percentage of parasitism in all maturation stages. N . pendula was recorded in Brasil associated to Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae). O . bellus , U . anastrephae and A . anastrephae were also recorded for the first time in the State of Alagoas. Mature green and half-ripe Surinam cherries are the most fruit fly infested, and the parasitism rate is higher in half-ripe and ripe fruits.

摘要：本研究旨在探明并评估苏里南樱桃果实中食果蝇类（frugivorous flies，双翅目（Diptera）实蝇科（Tephritidae）与瘦蝇科（Lonchaeidae））及其寄生性天敌（parasitoids）的自然虫害侵染情况。本次调查设于巴西阿拉戈斯州马塞约市的一处有机果园内。2010年10月至2011年1月期间，研究人员采集了青熟、半成熟及完全成熟的苏里南樱桃果实。青熟果与半熟果的虫害侵染指数更高。研究共鉴定出5种食果蝇类：Anastrepha fraterculus、Anastrepha obliqua、Anastrepha sororcul、地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata（双翅目（Diptera）实蝇科（Tephritidae））以及Neosilba pendula（双翅目（Diptera）瘦蝇科（Lonchaeidae））。同时鉴定出的寄生性天敌包括：Doryctobracon areolatus、Opius bellus、Utetes anastrephae与Asobara anastrephae（膜翅目（Hymenoptera）茧蜂科（Braconidae）），其中D. areolatus在所有果实成熟阶段的寄生率均为最高。研究在巴西记录到与番樱桃属Eugenia uniflora L.（桃金娘科（Myrtaceae））伴生的N. pendula。O. bellus、U. anastrephae及A. anastrephae亦是首次在阿拉戈斯州被记录到。青熟果与半熟果受实蝇虫害侵染最为严重，而半熟果与完全成熟果的寄生率则更高。