WOMEN SCIENTISTS IN THE BRAZILIAN CHEMISTRY

Brazil’s gender gaps numbers are scarce in the field of chemistry. Thus, the motivation of this work is to perform a data survey considering all levels of the academic career and per Brazilian region. The data collected shows a general trend observed in all scenarios, whereas the higher the career level the lower the number of women inserted. Women dominate in the early stages of the scientific careers, such as postgraduate programs (52%) but become minority (42%) when they get positions as university professors. The disparity is higher at positions of great recognition, e.g., member of the Brazilian Academy of Science (18%) or the highest level of CNPQ research productivity fellowship “1A” (12%). Other career indicators such as research grants approval, authorship in recognized international journals and in highly cited articles authored by Brazilian scientists, show low female representativity. Leadership positions in scientific societies and funding agencies are alarming (6%), where many organizations never had a woman president. The world needs more female references in science and surely Brazil has many great women in the field of chemistry that deserve recognition. The present study sheds light to the awareness of the Brazilian scenario.

化学领域中，有关巴西性别差距的相关数据较为匮乏。因此，本研究的核心初衷是开展系统性数据调研，覆盖学术职业的所有层级，并按巴西各区域进行分类统计。本次采集的数据呈现出各场景中共通的普遍趋势：学术职业层级越高，女性从业者的占比越低。女性在科学生涯的早期阶段占据主导地位，例如研究生培养阶段女性占比达52%，但在获评大学教授职位后，女性占比降至42%，成为群体中的少数。在具有高认可度的岗位上，性别差距更为显著：例如巴西科学院（Brazilian Academy of Science）院士群体中女性占比仅18%，巴西国家科学技术发展委员会（CNPQ）最高层级的"1A"级研究生产力奖学金获得者中，女性占比仅12%。其他职业指标同样显示女性代表性不足，包括科研项目获批率、在权威国际期刊发表论文的作者占比，以及巴西科学家高被引论文的作者占比等。科学学会与资助机构的领导岗位性别失衡问题尤为严峻：女性占比仅6%，且众多机构从未产生过女性主席。全球科学界亟需更多女性榜样，而巴西化学领域无疑涌现出众多值得认可的杰出女性研究者。本研究旨在提升学界与公众对巴西化学领域性别现状的认知。