First evidence of a large predatory plesiosaurian from the Lower Cretaceous non-marine ‘Wealden facies’ deposits of northwestern Germany
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Sachs, S., Hornung, J.J., Lallensack, J.N. & Kear, B.P., November.2017. First evidence of a large predatory plesiosaurian from the Lower Cretaceous non-marine ‘Wealden facies’ deposits of northwestern Germany. <i>Alcheringa 42</i>, 501-508. ISSN 0311-5518. Here, we describe the incomplete mandible of a large-skulled ‘pliosauromorph’ plesiosaurian from the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian) of northwestern Germany. The fossil derives from limnic–brackish ‘Wealden facies’ deposits of the Deister Formation (Bückeberg Group), and is preserved as a natural mould in fine-grained sandstone. Examination of the original remains, in conjunction with a three-dimensional photogrammetrically digitized ‘cast’, revealed a conspicuous rosette of symphyseal alveoli, which would otherwise typically characterize Early–Middle Jurassic macrophagous plesiosaurians including rhomaleosaurids and the pliosaurid <i>Simolestes</i>. The Deister Formation ‘pliosauromorph’ represents the first record of a large-bodied plesiosaurian macrocarnivore from the ‘Wealden-facies’ strata of Europe, and thus adds a previously unrecognized trophic level of aquatic apex predators to the Early Cretaceous non-marine ecosystems of Europe. <i>Sven Sachs* [</i>sachs.pal@gmail.com<i>] Naturkunde-Museum Bielefeld, Abteilung Geowissenschaften, Adenauerplatz 2, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany and Im Hof 9, 51766 Engelskirchen, Germany; Jahn J. Hornung [</i>jahn.hornung@yahoo.de<i>] Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover, Willy-Brandt-Allee 5, 30169 Hannover, Germany; Jens N. Lallensack [</i>jens.lallensack@uni-bonn.de<i>] Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Benjamin P. Kear [</i>benjamin.kear@em.uu.se<i>] Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, Uppsala SE-752 36, Sweden.</i>
萨克斯(Sachs, S.)、霍农(Hornung, J.J.)、拉伦萨克(Lallensack, J.N.)与基尔(Kear, B.P.),2017年11月。德国西北部下白垩统陆相“韦尔登相(Wealden facies)”沉积中大型掠食性蛇颈龙类(plesiosaurian)的首个证据。《Alcheringa》第42卷,第501-508页。ISSN 0311-5518。
本研究记述了一件产自德国西北部下白垩统(贝里亚阶(Berriasian))的大型头骨“上龙形(pliosauromorph)”蛇颈龙类的不完整下颌骨。该化石采自迪斯特组(Deister Formation,比克贝格群(Bückeberg Group))的淡水-微咸水“韦尔登相”沉积,以天然铸型保存在细粒砂岩中。
通过对原始标本的检视,并结合三维摄影测量(photogrammetric)数字化铸型,研究人员发现了一处显著的联合齿窝(symphyseal alveoli)花状结构,这类结构通常是早-中侏罗世大型食性蛇颈龙类的典型特征,包括菱龙科(rhomaleosaurids)以及上龙科的西莫利斯拉龙(Simolestes)。
迪斯特组的“上龙形”蛇颈龙类是欧洲“韦尔登相”地层中首个大型蛇颈龙类大型食肉动物记录,从而为欧洲早白垩世陆相水生生态系统新增了此前未被认知的顶级水生捕食者营养层级(trophic level)。
斯文·萨克斯* [sachs.pal@gmail.com] 比勒费尔德自然史博物馆(Naturkunde-Museum Bielefeld)地球科学部,德国比勒费尔德市阿登纳广场2号,33602;德国恩格斯基兴市因霍夫街9号,51766;
扬·J·霍农 [jahn.hornung@yahoo.de] 汉诺威下萨克森州立博物馆(Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover),德国汉诺威市威利-勃兰特大街5号,30169;
延斯·N·拉伦萨克 [jens.lallensack@uni-bonn.de] 波恩大学莱茵兰-弗里德里希-威廉大学施泰因曼地质、矿物与古生物学研究所(Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn),德国波恩市努斯阿勒8号,53115;
本杰明·P·基尔 [benjamin.kear@em.uu.se] 乌普萨拉大学进化博物馆(Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University),瑞典乌普萨拉市诺比维根16号,SE-752 36。
提供机构:
Taylor & Francis
创建时间:
2017-11-09



