Influence of supragingival biofilm control and smoking habit on Interleukin-1β concentration

This investigation compared gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations in periodontitis patients subjected to a strict supragingival biofilm control (Supra) for 6 months. Never-smokers (23) and smokers (n = 20; 19.6 ± 11.8 cigarettes/day) moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis patients underwent a 6 months period of supragingival control with weekly recall visits. Periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and GCF samples (from different PPD category sites: 3-5 mm and 6–10 mm) were obtained at the baseline, 30, and 180 days. IL-1β was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Generalized estimating equations were used to fit prediction models of IL-1β changes, considering the dependence between the examinations, and using only data from experimental sites. Overall IL-1β concentrations decreased from 3.2 pg/µL to 1.9 pg/µL. Higher baseline IL-1β concentrations were associated with higher baseline PPD values in both groups. There were no differences in IL-1β concentrations between never-smokers and smokers over time for any PPD category. Higher baseline PPD values and the presence of BOP on day 180 were significantly associated with higher IL-1β concentrations. A strict Supra regimen reduced IL-1β concentrations over time in periodontitis patients. The benefits observed for smokers underline the importance of oral hygiene measures, even considering the presence of this important risk factor.

本研究对比了接受6个月严格龈上生物膜（supragingival biofilm, Supra）控制的牙周炎患者的龈沟液（gingival crevicular fluid, GCF）中白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β, IL-1β）浓度。研究纳入23名从不吸烟者与20名吸烟者（日均吸烟19.6±11.8支）中重度慢性牙周炎患者，对其实施为期6个月的龈上生物膜控制，并安排每周复诊随访。分别于基线、第30天及第180天采集牙周探诊深度（periodontal probing depth, PPD）、探诊出血（bleeding on probing, BOP）数据与GCF样本（采集自不同PPD分级位点：3~5 mm与6~10 mm）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验对IL-1β浓度进行检测。考虑到多次检查间的相关性，仅使用实验位点的数据，通过广义估计方程（generalized estimating equations）构建IL-1β变化的预测模型。整体IL-1β浓度从3.2 pg/µL降至1.9 pg/µL；两组患者的基线IL-1β浓度均与基线PPD值呈正相关；无论PPD分级如何，从不吸烟者与吸烟者的IL-1β浓度随时间变化均无显著差异；基线PPD值更高以及第180天存在探诊出血，均与更高的IL-1β浓度显著相关。严格的Supra方案可随时间降低牙周炎患者的IL-1β浓度；在吸烟者中观察到的获益，凸显了口腔卫生措施的重要性，即便该群体存在吸烟这一重要牙周炎风险因素。