Secondary maternal outcomes by planned mode of birth.

aValues adjusted for maternal SES, BMI, and indication for previous caesarean birth.bDeath or serious maternal outcome includes: one or more of maternal death; uterine rupture (defined as a clinically significant rupture involving the full thickness of the uterine wall and requiring surgical repair); severe haemorrhage (blood loss of ≥1,500 ml and/or requiring blood transfusion); hysterectomy for any complications resulting from birth; vulval or perineal haematoma requiring evacuation; deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or thrombophlebitis requiring anticoagulant therapy; pulmonary embolus (PE) requiring anticoagulant therapy; pneumonia due to infection, aspiration or other causes; adult respiratory distress syndrome; wound infection (requiring prolongation of hospital stay or readmission) or wound dehiscence; damage to the bladder, ureter, or bowel requiring repair, or cervical laceration extending to the lower uterine segment, or abnormal extension of the uterine incision; occurrence of a fistula involving the genital tract; bowel obstruction or paralytic ileus; pulmonary oedema; stroke (defined as acute neurological deficit >24 h); cardiac arrest; respiratory arrest.