Flood in Chad (2022-12-21)

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Activation date: 2022-12-21 <br>
Event type: Flood <br>
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Activation reason: <br>
The CEMS Risk and Recovery Mapping service has been activated for an assessment of the extent of floods that occurred in October 2022 in the Lake Chad area. The request included projections and an analysis of the difference between seasonal/structural and extraordinary (one-off) precipitations and floods in the area.On 19 October 2022 the head of the Chad government declared a state of emergency in the country in response to flooding in 636 localities across 18 of the country’s 23 provinces. The worst affected have been the southern provinces of Mayo Kebbi Est, Logone Occidental, Tandjile, Moyen-Chari and Mandoul. It was mentioned that flooding damaged 465,000 hectares of crops and destroyed 19,000 heads of livestock. Chad has two main rivers, the Chari and Logone, which flow through its southern provinces and empty into Lake Chad, at the border area with Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. This year the lake was fed early on by other tributaries and its water level became higher than that of the two rivers, causing them to flow instead into surrounding towns and villages. Such unprecedented rainy season affected a total of 1.2 million people, including 129,000 people displaced in Ndjamena and 10,000 people displaced in the Lake Province.The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported that in the capital N’Djamena, a quarter of the city was flooded. The humanitarian conditions were rapidly deteriorating: over 71,000 people were displaced in few days, doubled in the week after, as waters of the Logone and Chari rivers from the south continued to flood the capital on their way to Lake Chad. Several IDP camps were set up to locate families and humanitarian actors, supporting the national authorities in the provisioning of food, shelter wash, and protection activities to people who lost their houses. Camps were over their capacity, and new ones are spontaneously created not far from where homes were flooded.This activation aimed at providing a better understanding of the past flood event in 3 relevant areas identified by DG ECHO Field Officers. The performed analyses included the following:Flood Delineation (P04) products were generated using a post-event Sentinel-1 image acquired the 22/10/2022. The analysis resulted in 886.5 ha, 1 598.4 ha and 68.7 ha of flooded areas respectively observed over each AOI01, 02 and 03.The P05-Modelled flood extent for major events were not feasible due to the unavailability of the needed data. However, a non-standard P05 has been proposed. The results obtained referred to 3 scenarios: the flood event that occurred in October 2022, a wet season scenario and a dry season one.The P14-Impact assessment analysis on assets and population has been assessed considering the maximum water extent (P05). Results show that between 3 and 7% of the settlements are located in area that could be flooded considering the maximum water extent modelled in the P05 <br>
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