Erosive tooth wear among South Brazilian adolescents, and its association with sociodemographic variables

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) among 15–19-year-old South Brazilian adolescents, regarding prevalence, extent, severity, intraoral distribution, and sociodemographic risk indicators. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Santa Maria, southern Brazil, and included a representative sample of 15–19-year-old adolescents. Data collection included the application of a questionnaire and a clinical examination. A questionnaire was sent to the parents/legal guardians of the selected students, containing questions on demographic information, socioeconomic characteristics, and living conditions. After tooth cleaning and drying, all erupted permanent teeth were clinically assessed by two calibrated examiners, and classified according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). The association between explanatory variables and the outcomes (ETW prevalence and extent) was assessed using Poisson regression models (both unadjusted and adjusted). A total of 1,197 adolescents were included in the study (participation rate of 72.3%). The overall prevalence of ETW was 57%. Severe ETW affected 16% of the sample. Overall, this adolescent population presented 13.3 affected surfaces, and 8.34 affected teeth. In the risk assessment analysis, gender, skin color, socioeconomic status, and family income were significantly associated with ETW. Boys, white adolescents, and those with higher socioeconomic status were more affected by ETW. This population-based cross-sectional study revealed that the prevalence of ETW was high, and that it was associated with sociodemographic variables in this South Brazilian population of adolescents.

摘要 本研究旨在评估巴西南部15~19岁青少年牙蚀磨损（erosive tooth wear, ETW）的发生情况，涵盖患病率、累及范围、严重程度、口内分布及社会人口学风险指标。研究于巴西南部圣玛丽亚开展一项基于人群的横断面调查，纳入具有代表性的15~19岁青少年样本。数据收集包含问卷调查与临床检查两部分：向入选学生的父母或法定监护人发放问卷，内容涵盖人口学信息、社会经济特征与生活状况；经牙面清洁、干燥后，由2名经过校准的检查者对所有萌出恒牙进行临床评估，并依据基本牙蚀磨损检查（Basic Erosive Wear Examination, BEWE）进行分级。采用泊松回归模型（含未校正与校正模型）分析解释变量与结局指标（ETW患病率及累及范围）的关联。本研究共纳入1197名青少年，总参与率为72.3%。ETW总体患病率为57%，重度ETW累及16%的研究样本。该青少年群体平均受累牙面数为13.3个，平均受累牙齿数为8.34颗。风险评估分析显示，性别、肤色、社会经济地位与家庭收入与ETW存在显著关联：男性、白人青少年及社会经济地位较高者ETW患病风险更高。本基于人群的横断面研究表明，巴西南部青少年群体的ETW患病率较高，且与社会人口学变量存在显著关联。