Attoclock revisited on electron tunnelling time

The last decade has seen an intense renewed debate on tunnelling time, both from a theoretical and an experimental perspective. Here, we review recent developments and new insights in the field of strong-field tunnel ionization related to tunnelling time, and apply these findings to the interpretation of the attoclock experiment Landsman et al. [<i>Optica</i> <b>2014</b>, <i>1</i>, 343]. We conclude that models including finite tunnelling time are consistent with recent experimental measurements. <b>Abbreviations</b>: A: adiabatic; ADK: Ammosov, Delone and Krainov model (<i>1, 2</i>); CEO: carrier-envelope-offset phase ϕCEO; CoM: centre of mass; CTMC: classical trajectory monte carlo simulation; FWHM: full width half maximum; IR: infrared; KR: Keldysh-Rutherford model; NA: non-adiabatic; PMD: photoelectron momentum distribution; PPT: Perelomov, Popov and Terent'ev model (<i>3, 4</i>); SAE: single active electron approximation; SCT: singleclassical trajectory; SFA: strong field approximation; TDSE: time-dependent Schrödinger equation

过去十年间，学界从理论与实验双重视角出发，围绕隧穿时间展开了新一轮激烈的学术辩论。
本文综述了与隧穿时间相关的强场隧穿电离（strong-field tunnel ionization）领域的最新进展与全新认知，并将这些研究成果应用于解读Landsman等人[<i>Optica</i> <b>2014</b>, <i>1</i>, 343]的阿秒时钟（attoclock）实验。
本研究得出结论：纳入有限隧穿时间的模型与近期实验测量结果具有良好一致性。
<b>缩写说明</b>：A：绝热（adiabatic）；ADK：Ammosov-Delone-Krainov模型（参考文献1、2）；CEO：载波包络偏移相位φ_CEO；CoM：质心（centre of mass）；CTMC：经典轨迹蒙特卡洛模拟（classical trajectory monte carlo simulation）；FWHM：半高全宽（full width half maximum）；IR：红外（infrared）；KR：Keldysh-Rutherford模型；NA：非绝热（non-adiabatic）；PMD：光电子动量分布（photoelectron momentum distribution）；PPT：Perelomov-Popov-Terent'ev模型（参考文献3、4）；SAE：单活跃电子近似（single active electron approximation）；SCT：单经典轨迹（singleclassical trajectory）；SFA：强场近似（strong field approximation）；TDSE：含时薛定谔方程（time-dependent Schrödinger equation）