Virtual and real experiments: a proposal to teach electricity in High School

Abstract We report on the elaboration and application of a guide of activities for High School teachers consisting of strategies to teach topics in electricity using real and virtual laboratories. We tested four different strategies with students in the final year of high school to figure out which would be more effective to teach about electric circuits and Ohm's law. Each strategy was characterized by a specific sequence of approaches, such as lectures, computer simulations or experiments, to present the subject. Our results indicate that the experimental approach, virtual or real, has a significant advantage over lectures, reinforcing the importance of using experimental activities in the classroom.

摘要：本研究阐述了一款面向高中教师的活动指南的制定与应用，该指南包含依托实体实验室与虚拟实验室开展电学主题教学的各类教学策略。我们针对高中高三年级学生测试了四种不同的教学策略，以甄别出讲授电路与欧姆定律的最优教学方案。每一种教学策略均以特定的流程组合为核心特征，涵盖讲授法、计算机模拟或实操实验等授课形式。研究结果表明，无论是虚拟还是实体的实验教学法，其教学效果均显著优于讲授法，这进一步凸显了在课堂教学中开展实验活动的重要性。