Emperor Penguin Colony at Peterson Bank

The exact location of an Emperor Penguin Colony on Peterson Bank continually changes due to the changing ice conditions of where the colony is situated.

The location confirmed on the 3rd of November 1994 on fast ice at Peterson Bank was 65.9333 S, 110.2 E, 41km NNW of Australia's Casey Station. The location was recorded by Ward Bremmers during a helicopter flight involved in the resupply operations from an ice-bound ship to Casey Station.

The presence of chicks was confirmed on landing and an approximate count estimated chick numbers at 2000 with at least 1000 adults present. Many foraging animals were also observed in transit in the surrounding area. Approximately 100 dead chicks, ranging in age from a few weeks to 3 months old, were observed during a casual check in the immediate vicinity.

The colony lies on fast ice amid grounded bergs in Peterson Bank. The surrounding icebergs are widely spaced (1-2km), so the colony site is relatively unsheltered from the prevailing easterly gales. The sea-ice thickness at the colony sites was 7-8m, suggesting the ice had been stable for the previous three or our seasons. However, during a second visit to the site on 24 December 1994, the ice at the colony site was breaking up, and 200 chicks in the process of moulting were observed drifting on a large ice floe.

On the 24 of April in 1995, a large group of Adults on new ice amid grounded bergs in the Peterson Bank was sighted, suggesting that the colony was reforming.

The fields in this dataset are:

Date
Latitude
Longitude
Number of Adults
Number of Chicks
Dead Chicks
Comments

彼得森浅滩（Peterson Bank）的帝企鹅聚居地确切位置会因其所在区域的海冰条件变化而持续变动。

1994年11月3日经确认的聚居地位置，位于彼得森浅滩的固定冰（fast ice）上，坐标为南纬65.9333°、东经110.2°，距离澳大利亚凯西站（Casey Station）北西北方向41公里。该位置由沃德·布雷默斯（Ward Bremmers）在一次直升机飞行任务中测得，此次任务负责为受冰困船只向凯西站实施补给作业。

着陆科考期间确认了幼雏的存在，经估算幼雏总数约为2000只，成年个体数量至少为1000只。周边区域还观测到大量正在觅食的个体往返活动。在聚居地周边紧邻区域进行的一次临时踏勘中，共发现约100只死亡幼雏，其日龄跨度为数周至3个月不等。

该聚居地坐落于彼得森浅滩上被搁浅冰山（grounded bergs）环绕的固定冰面。周边冰山间距较宽（1至2公里），因此聚居地相对难以抵御盛行的东风强风。聚居地所在海冰厚度为7至8米，表明此前三至四个海冰季该区域海冰状态均较为稳定。然而在1994年12月24日第二次造访该区域时，聚居地所在的海冰已开始破裂，观测到200只正在换羽的幼雏正随大型浮冰（ice floe）漂流。

1995年4月24日，科研人员在彼得森浅滩的搁浅冰山之间的新冰面上观测到大量成年个体，这显示该帝企鹅聚居地已重新建立。

本数据集包含以下字段：
观测日期
纬度
经度
成年个体数量
幼雏数量
死亡幼雏数量
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