Consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages: ELSA-Brasil results

Abstract The study aims to describe the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages according to sociodemographic, health and location variables. Cross-sectional study with ELSA-Brasil data (2008-2010). A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, food, health data and anthropometry. Descriptive analysis and association with variables of interest were carried out. In the sample, 8% of the total caloric value comes from non-alcoholic beverages (5.6%: sugary drinks), and 4% from alcoholic beverages (2.7%: beer). Consumers of unsweetened and artificially sweetened beverages reported moderate/strong physical activity, former smokers and higher education. The opposite was true for sugary drinks. Eutrophic people reported higher consumption of sugary drinks and those obese, artificially sweetened and beer. Alcohol consumption varied with age (young: beer; elderly: wine/spirits) and education (low education: beer/spirits; higher education: wine). Coffee, natural juice and soda were the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages and beer was the most prevalent alcoholic beverage. Consumption variation was observed according to geographic location. The consumption of sugary and alcoholic beverages is high in Brazil and public health strategies are required.

摘要：本研究旨在基于社会人口学、健康状况及地理位置变量，刻画酒精与非酒精类饮料的饮用行为。本研究采用2008-2010年ELSA-Brasil数据集开展横断面分析，通过问卷收集社会人口学、膳食、健康及人体测量学相关数据，并开展描述性分析与目标变量间的关联检验。研究样本中，非酒精类饮料供能占总热量摄入的8%（其中含糖饮料占5.6%），酒精类饮料供能占4%（其中啤酒占2.7%）。饮用无糖及人工甜味剂饮料的人群多报告自身进行中等至高强度体力活动、曾有吸烟史且受教育程度较高，而饮用含糖饮料的人群则呈现相反特征。体质量正常人群报告的含糖饮料饮用量更高，而肥胖人群则更倾向于饮用人工甜味剂饮料及啤酒。酒精饮料饮用情况随年龄与受教育程度存在差异：年轻群体多饮用啤酒，老年群体偏好葡萄酒及烈酒；受教育程度较低者多饮用啤酒与烈酒，高等教育群体则倾向于选择葡萄酒。咖啡、天然果汁及碳酸饮料为最常饮用的非酒精类饮料，啤酒则是最普及的酒精类饮料。不同地理位置人群的饮料饮用模式存在显著差异。当前巴西国内含糖饮料与酒精饮料的饮用比例偏高，亟需制定针对性公共卫生干预策略。