Annual Survey of Industries 1996-1997 - India

Abstract
---------------------------

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess changes in the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. Industrial sector occupies an important position in the State economy and has a pivotal role to play in the rapid and balanced economic development. The Survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 1953, and the Rules framed there-under in 1959, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

Coverage of the Annual Survey of Industries extends to the entire Factory Sector, comprising industrial units (called factories) registered under section 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act.1948, wherein a "Factory", which is the primary statistical unit of enumeration for the ASI is defined as:- "Any premises" including the precincts thereof:-
(i) wherein ten or more workers are working or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power or is ordinarily so carried on,
or (ii) wherein twenty or more workers are working or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid of power. In addition to section 2(m)(i) & 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, electricity units registered with the Central Electricity Authority and Bidi & Cigar units, registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act,1966 are also covered in ASI.

Analysis unit
---------------------------

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe
---------------------------

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.
Establishments under the control of the Defence Ministry,oil storage and distribution units, restaurants and cafes and technical training institutions not producing anything for sale or exchange were kept outside the coverage of the ASI.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

The sampling design followed in ASI 1996-97 is a circular systematic one. All the factories in the updated frame (universe) are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

a) CENSUS : To keep pace with the enormous growth of the factory sector, definition of the census sector was changed from ASI 1987-88 to the units having 100 or more workers irrespective of their operation with or without power and all electrical undertakings. All industrial units belonging to the 12 less industrially developed states/ UT's viz. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim and Andaman & Nicobar Islands etc.
b) The rest of of the universe was covered on sampling basis so as to cover all the units in a span of three years. In any stratum, if the number of units was less than 20, then the entire stratum was enumearted completely along with census factories. In any stratum if no. of unit is between 21 & 60, a minimum sample of size 20 was selected by Circular Systematic Sampling. For all other units a uniform sampling fraction of 1/3 was adopted.

Sampling deviation
---------------------------

There was no deviation from sample design in ASI 1996-97.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire (in External Resources) is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK1/2/16 : RECORD TYPE 011 : IDENTIFICATION PARTICULARS (Filled by CSO and Industrial Units)
BLOCK 4 : RECORD TYPE 040 : SCHEDULE OF FIXED ASSETS
BLOCK 4A : RECORD TYPE 040 : DETAILS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
BLOCK 5 : RECORD TYPE 051-054 : SCHEDULE OF WORKING CAPITAL AND LOANS
BLOCK 6 : RECORD TYPE 074 : WORKING DAYS AND SHIFTS
BLOCK 7 : RECORD TYPE 071-74 : EMPLOYMENT
BLOCK 8 : RECORD TYPE 081-82 : LABOUR COST (INCLUDING FOR CONTRACT LABOUR)
BLOCK 9 : RECORD TYPE 091 : FUELS, ELECTRICITY AND WATER CONSUMED (EXCLUDING INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS)
BLOCK 10 : RECORD TYPE 101 : OTHER EXPENDITURE
BLOCK 11 : RECORD TYPE 111 : OTHER OUTPUT/RECEIPTS
BLOCK 12 : RECORD TYPE 121 : ELECTRICITY
BLOCK 13 : RECORD TYPE 131 : MATERIALS CONSUMED
BLOCK 13 A : RECORD TYPE 132 : INPUT ITEMS (indigenous items consumed)
BLOCK 13 B : RECORD TYPE 133 : INPUT ITEMS – directly imported items only (consumed)
BLOCK 14 : RECORD TYPE 141 : PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS (manufactured by the unit)
BLOCK 14 A : RECORD TYPE 142 : DISTRIBUTIVE EXPENSES

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

Pre-data entry scrutiny was carried out on the schedules for inter and intra block consistency checks. Such editing was mostly manual, although some editing was automatic. But, for major inconsistencies, the schedules were referred back to NSSO (FOD) for clarifications/modifications.

Code list, State code list, NIC 87, NIC 70 and ASICC code are also may be refered in the External Resources which are used for editing and data processing as well..

Sampling error estimates
---------------------------

Relative Standard Error (RSE) is calculated in terms of worker, wages to worker and GVA using the formula. Programs developed in Visual Foxpro are used to compute the RSE of estimates.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

To check for consistency and reliability of data the same are compared with the NIC-2digit level growth rate at all India Index of Production (IIP) and the growth rates obtained from the National Accounts Statistics at current and constant prices for the registered manufacturing sector.

年度产业调查（ASI）是印度产业统计的主要来源。该调查提供了统计数据，以评估组织化制造业部门的增长、构成和结构的变化，包括与制造流程、维修服务、燃气和供水以及冷藏活动相关的内容。工业部门在州经济中占据重要地位，并在促进快速平衡的经济发展中发挥着关键作用。调查每年根据1953年《统计资料收集法》及其1959年制定的规则进行，但在查谟和克什米尔邦，根据1961年《查谟和克什米尔邦统计资料收集法》及其1964年制定的规则进行。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
年度产业调查的覆盖范围包括整个工厂部门，包括根据1948年《工厂法》第2(m)(i)和2(m)(ii)条款注册的工业单位（称为工厂）。在ASI的统计调查中，'工厂'被定义为：'任何场所'，包括其周边地区：
(i)在其中十个或更多工人在前十二个月的任何一天工作过，并且在任何部分中，制造过程借助电力进行或通常如此进行，
或(ii)在其中二十个或更多工人在前十二个月的任何一天工作过，并且在任何部分中，制造过程在没有电力辅助的情况下进行。除了1948年《工厂法》第2(m)(i)和2(m)(ii)条款外，向中央电力管理局注册的电力单位和根据1966年《印度 bidi 和雪茄工人（就业条件）法》注册的 bidi 和雪茄单位也被纳入 ASI。

分析单位
---------------------------
调查中的主要统计单位是制造业中的工厂，维修服务中的车间，电力、燃气和供水企业中的企业或许可人，以及 bidi 和雪茄行业中的机构。然而，位于同一州、属于同一行业集团且属于同一方案（普查或样本）的两个或更多机构的所有者被允许提交一份单一的汇总报告。此类汇总报告在 bidi 和雪茄机构、电力和某些公共部门企业中是常见的特征。

总体
---------------------------
调查覆盖了根据1948年《工厂法》注册的工厂。受国防部控制的机构、油品储存和分配单位、餐馆和咖啡馆以及不生产销售或交换任何物品的技术培训机构均被排除在 ASI 的覆盖范围之外。

数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
---------------------------
1996-97年度 ASI 采取的抽样设计是循环系统性的。所有更新框架（总体）中的工厂被分为两个部门，即普查和样本。

a) 普查：为了跟上工厂部门的巨大增长，普查部门的规定从1987-88年度的 ASI 开始，改为拥有100个或更多工人的单位，无论其操作是否借助电力。所有属于12个工业化程度较低的国家/地区/联合领土（如 Manipur、Meghalaya、Nagaland、Tripura、Sikkim 和安达曼群岛等）的工业单位均属于普查范围。

b) 总体中的其余部分根据抽样原则进行覆盖，以便在三年内涵盖所有单位。在任何层中，如果单位数量少于20个，则整个层以及普查工厂一起进行完全计数。在任何层中，如果单位数量在21到60之间，则通过循环系统抽样选择最小样本量20。对于所有其他单位，采用1/3的统一抽样比例。

抽样偏差
---------------------------
1996-97年度 ASI 中没有偏离样本设计。

数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
---------------------------
年度产业调查问卷（在外部资源中）分为不同的区块：
BLOCK1/2/16 : 记录类型 011 : 识别详情（由 CSO 和工业单位填写）
BLOCK 4 : 记录类型 040 : 固定资产报表
BLOCK 4A : 记录类型 040 : 装置和机械详情
BLOCK 5 : 记录类型 051-054 : 流动资本和贷款报表
BLOCK 6 : 记录类型 074 : 工作日和班次
BLOCK 7 : 记录类型 071-74 : 雇佣情况
BLOCK 8 : 记录类型 081-82 : 劳动力成本（包括合同工成本）
BLOCK 9 : 记录类型 091 : 消耗的燃料、电力和水（不包括中间产品）
BLOCK 10 : 记录类型 101 : 其他支出
BLOCK 11 : 记录类型 111 : 其他产出/收入
BLOCK 12 : 记录类型 121 : 电力
BLOCK 13 : 记录类型 131 : 消耗的材料
BLOCK 13 A : 记录类型 132 : 输入项目（国内消耗的项目）
BLOCK 13 B : 记录类型 133 : 输入项目 – 仅直接进口项目（消耗）
BLOCK 14 : 记录类型 141 : 产品和副产品（由单位制造）
BLOCK 14 A : 记录类型 142 : 分销费用

数据清洗操作
---------------------------
对报表进行了预先数据录入审查，以进行跨区块和区块内的一致性检查。此类编辑主要是手工的，尽管一些编辑是自动的。但对于重大不一致，报表被退回至 NSSO (FOD) 以澄清/修改。

代码列表、州代码列表、NIC 87、NIC 70 和 ASICC 代码也可能会在外部资源中引用，用于编辑和数据处理的编辑和数据处理。

抽样误差估计
---------------------------
相对标准误差（RSE）是根据工人、工资给工人的和 GVA 使用公式计算的。用于计算估计的 RSE 的程序是在 Visual Foxpro 中开发的。

数据评估
---------------------------
为了检查数据的一致性和可靠性，将数据与 NIC-2 位级增长率、全国生产指数（IIP）的增长率以及来自国家账户统计的当前和固定价格下注册制造业部门的增长率进行比较。