Labour Force Survey Two-Quarter Longitudinal Dataset, June - November 1996

<p><b>Background</b><br>
The <i>Labour Force Survey</i> (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the <i>Quarterly Labour Force Survey</i> (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.<br>
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<b>Longitudinal data</b><br>
The LFS retains each sample household for five consecutive quarters, with a fifth of the sample replaced each quarter. The main survey was designed to produce cross-sectional data, but the data on each individual have now been linked together to provide longitudinal information. The longitudinal data comprise two types of linked datasets, created using the weighting method to adjust for non-response bias. The two-quarter datasets link data from two consecutive waves, while the five-quarter datasets link across a whole year (for example January 2010 to March 2011 inclusive) and contain data from all five waves. A full series of longitudinal data has been produced, going back to winter 1992. Linking together records to create a longitudinal dimension can, for example, provide information on gross flows over time between different labour force categories (employed, unemployed and economically inactive). This will provide detail about people who have moved between the categories. Also, longitudinal information is useful in monitoring the effects of government policies and can be used to follow the subsequent activities and circumstances of people affected by specific policy initiatives, and to compare them with other groups in the population. There are however methodological problems which could distort the data resulting from this longitudinal linking. The ONS continues to research these issues and advises that the presentation of results should be carefully considered, and warnings should be included with outputs where necessary.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">New reweighting policy</span><br>Following the <a href="http://doc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/8343/mrdoc/pdf/biennial_lfs_aps_reweighting_policy.pdf" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">new reweighting policy</a> ONS has reviewed the latest population estimates made available during 2019 and have decided not to carry out a 2019 LFS and APS reweighting exercise. Therefore, the next reweighting exercise will take place in 2020. These will incorporate the 2019 Sub-National Population Projection data (published in May 2020) and 2019 Mid-Year Estimates (published in June 2020). It is expected that reweighted Labour Market aggregates and microdata will be published towards the end of 2020/early 2021.<br>
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<b>LFS Documentation</b><br>
The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each user guide volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the latest documents on the ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance" title="Labour Force Survey - User Guidance">Labour Force Survey - User Guidance</a> pages before commencing analysis. <b>This is especially important for users of older QLFS studies, where information and guidance in the user guide documents may have changed over time.</b><br>
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<b> Additional data derived from the QLFS</b><br>
The Archive also holds further QLFS series: End User Licence (EUL) quarterly data; Secure Access datasets; household datasets; quarterly, annual and ad hoc module datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets. <br>
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<b>Variables DISEA and LNGLST</b><br>
Dataset A08 (Labour market status of disabled people) which ONS suspended due to an apparent discontinuity between April to June 2017 and July to September 2017 is now available. As a result of this apparent discontinuity and the inconclusive investigations at this stage, comparisons should be made with caution between April to June 2017 and subsequent time periods. However users should note that the estimates are not seasonally adjusted, so some of the change between quarters could be due to seasonality. Further recommendations on historical comparisons of the estimates will be given in November 2018 when ONS are due to publish estimates for July to September 2018. <br>
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An article explaining the quality assurance investigations that have been conducted so far is available on the <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/analysisofthediscontinuityinthelabourforcesurveydisabilitydataapriltojune2017tojulytoseptember2017" target="_blank">ONS Methodology</a> webpage. For any queries about Dataset A08 please email [e-mail].<br>
</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data files</span><br></p><p>The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: <a title="Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022</a>.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">2022 Weighting</span></p><p>The population totals used for the latest LFS estimates use projected growth rates from Real Time Information (RTI) data for UK, EU and non-EU populations based on 2021 patterns. The total population used for the LFS therefore does not take into account any changes in migration, birth rates, death rates, and so on since June 2021, and hence levels estimates may be under- or over-estimating the true values and should be used with caution. Estimates of rates will, however, be robust.</p> For the second edition (June 2004), the depositor supplied a re-weighted version of the data file. The re-weighting has been done to bring LFS data in line with the population estimates from the 2001 Census. Some variables have been removed, some added and others renamed - please see READ file for details.

<p><b>背景</b><br>
<i>劳动力调查</i>（Labour Force Survey，LFS）是一项独特的信息来源，采用国际通用的就业、失业及经济不活跃定义，涵盖职业、培训、工作时长及16岁以上家庭成员个人特征等广泛相关主题，为社会、经济及就业政策制定提供依据。LFS于1973年至1983年期间每两年开展一次；1984年至1991年改为每年一次，包含全年季度调查及春季季度的“增强型调查”（数据按季节收集）；1992年起季度数据正式发布，样本量与此前年度数据大致相当，调查更名为<i>季度劳动力调查</i>（Quarterly Labour Force Survey，QLFS）；1994年12月，北爱尔兰纳入全英季度调查周期，QLFS自此覆盖整个英国（英国数据档案馆仍保存部分北爱尔兰年度补充数据集）。关于QLFS背景的更多信息可查阅相关文档。<br>
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<b>纵向数据</b><br>
LFS对每个样本家庭连续追踪五个季度，每季度替换五分之一样本。调查原本旨在生成横截面数据，但目前已通过个体记录链接形成纵向数据——该数据包含两类链接数据集，均采用加权法调整非响应偏差：两季度数据集链接连续两波调查数据，五季度数据集覆盖一整年（如2010年1月至2011年3月）的五波数据。纵向数据系列可追溯至1992年冬季，能提供不同劳动力类别（就业、失业、经济不活跃）间的跨时间总流动信息，揭示群体类别转换细节；同时有助于监测政府政策效果，追踪受特定政策影响人群的后续活动及状况，并与其他群体对比。然而，纵向链接存在方法学问题可能导致数据失真，英国国家统计局（ONS）持续研究此类问题，建议谨慎呈现结果，必要时在输出中附加警示说明。<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">新重加权政策</span><br>根据<a href="http://doc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/8343/mrdoc/pdf/biennial_lfs_aps_reweighting_policy.pdf" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">新重加权政策</a>，ONS审查了2019年发布的最新人口估计，决定不开展2019年LFS及APS重加权工作，下一次重加权将于2020年进行，届时将纳入2019年次国家级人口预测数据（2020年5月发布）及2019年年中估计数据（2020年6月发布）。预计重加权后的劳动力市场聚合数据及微观数据将于2020年底/2021年初发布。<br>
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<b>LFS文档</b><br>
档案馆提供的LFS数据集配套文档主要包括各年度最新用户指南分卷及对应问卷。但ONS会定期更新文档，因此建议用户在开始分析前，先查阅ONS<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance" title="劳动力调查——用户指南">劳动力调查——用户指南</a>页面的最新文件。<b>这对旧QLFS研究用户尤为重要，因其用户指南中的信息与指导可能随时间变化。</b><br>
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<b>QLFS衍生补充数据</b><br>
档案馆还保存了更多QLFS系列数据：终端用户许可（EUL）季度数据、安全访问数据集、家庭数据集、为欧盟统计局（Eurostat）编制的季度、年度及临时模块数据集，以及部分北爱尔兰年度补充数据集。<br>
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<b>变量DISEA与LNGLST</b><br>
因2017年4-6月与7-9月数据存在明显不连续性而被ONS暂停的数据集A08（残疾人劳动力市场状况）现已恢复可用。鉴于此不连续性及目前尚未定论的调查结果，对比2017年4-6月与后续时期数据时需谨慎；同时需注意，该估计数据未进行季节性调整，部分季度变化可能源于季节性因素。关于历史数据对比的进一步建议，将于2018年11月ONS发布2018年7-9月估计数据时公布。<br>
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关于已开展的质量保证调查详情，可查阅ONS方法论网页：<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/analysisofthediscontinuityinthelabourforcesurveydisabilitydataapriltojune2017tojulytoseptember2017" target="_blank">2017年4-6月至7-9月劳动力调查残疾数据不连续性分析</a>。若对数据集A08有疑问，请发送邮件至[e-mail]。<br>
</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">2021及2022年职业数据</span><br></p><p>ONS发现2021年与2022年数据文件中部分职业数据的收集存在问题：尽管整体影响较小，但部分详细（四位标准职业分类，SOC）职业及衍生数据的准确性会受影响。更多信息可查阅ONS 2023年7月11日发布的文章：<a title="英国ONS劳动力调查职业数据编码错误修订：2021年1月至2022年9月" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022</a>。</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">2022年加权处理</span></p><p>最新LFS估计所用人口总数基于2021年模式的实时信息（RTI）数据，对英国、欧盟及非欧盟人口增长率进行预测；该数据未考虑2021年6月以来的迁移、出生率、死亡率等变化，因此水平估计值可能高估或低估真实值，需谨慎使用，但比率估计值具有可靠性。</p> 第二版（2004年6月）中，数据提交者提供了重加权版本的数据文件，旨在使LFS数据与2001年人口普查的人口估计保持一致。部分变量被删除、新增或重命名——详情请查阅READ文件。