Vaccines for COVID-19 - state of the art

Abstract Vaccine candidates against COVID-19 have diverse compositions, from traditional inac-tivated virus vaccines to various new-generation vaccines. Currently, approximately 175 research teams worldwide are studying various vaccine possibilities as the necessityto vacci-nate the entire population against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is urgent. Although, the development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is not easy, the manufacturing, distribution, and administration of the vaccine can also face extraordinary challenges. In this review, we enhance some of the current knowledge regarding the clinical trial phases on different COVID-19 vaccine candidates, its potential strengths and disadvantages, and to discuss ethical aspects and their chances of success in large-scale applications.

摘要：针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的候选疫苗组合物类型多样，覆盖从传统灭活病毒疫苗（inactivated virus vaccine）到各类新一代疫苗的范围。当前，由于全体人群接种严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗的需求极为迫切，全球约有175个研究团队正致力于各类疫苗的研发工作。尽管开发安全有效的COVID-19疫苗并非易事，疫苗的生产、分发与接种同样会面临诸多严峻挑战。本综述旨在梳理并深化当前针对不同COVID-19候选疫苗临床试验阶段的相关认知，分析各类候选疫苗的潜在优势与不足，并探讨相关伦理问题及其在大规模应用中成功落地的可能性。