Long-term exercise mitigates energy expenditure and inflammatory responses induced by sleep deprivation in mice

long-term exercise can effectively counteract the elevation of serum LPS induced by SD through modulation of gut microbiota, inhibition of inflammatory responses, and preservation of normal energy metabolism processes. Our results suggest that sustained exercise may serve as a viable intervention to mitigate the adverse effects associated with SD, providing robust support for strategies to prevent metabolic and inflammation-related diseases triggered by SD. Our findings provide new insights into the complex interactions between SD, energy expenditure, and gut microbiota. Unlike other studies that focus primarily on exploring the harmful effects of SD and alleviating its consequences post-occurrence, we propose exercise as a proactive intervention to counteract SD's negative impacts and support metabolic and immune health. These results offer important implications for the prevention and mitigation of the effects of SD. The findings of this study could contribute to developing targeted interventions for shift workers and students experiencing chronic SD.