Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii in Allium sativum: potential biocontrol agents and their effects on plant metabolites

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) plays an important role in popular culture due to its dietary and medicinal uses. It is also used to produce a wide range of pharmacologically interesting molecules. Several pathogens affect garlic plants, especially Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii, a fungus that is widespread and causes large economic losses. It causes direct damage to crops and leads to plant stress, which induces secondary metabolite production in plants. The use of microorganisms as biocontrol agents may induce the production of beneficial metabolites in plants that will protect it and promote resistance to pathogen attack. In addition to suppressing disease, biological control agents may have elicitor effects that could induce an increase in the production of useful bioactive secondary metabolites in plants, some of which may be of pharmacological interest. Therefore, the search for new biological control agents should also consider their potential as elicitor agents. This paper presents an analysis of the biological control of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii by antagonistic microrganisms, the potential of yeasts and bacteria of the genus Bacillus for the biocontrol of phytopathogens, microrganisms influence in nutritional and bioactive compounds content of interest to the pharmaceutical industry.

大蒜（Allium sativum L.）因其食用与药用用途，在大众文化中具有重要地位。其同时可被用于制备多种具备药理学研究价值的分子。多种病原物可侵染大蒜植株，其中尤以阿太菌（Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii）危害最为严重：该真菌分布广泛，可造成巨额经济损失。它不仅会直接损伤作物，还会引发植株胁迫，进而诱导植物合成次生代谢产物。将微生物作为生防制剂使用，可诱导植物产生有益代谢产物，从而保护植株并增强其对病原物侵染的抗性。除抑制病害外，生防制剂还可发挥激发子（elicitor）效应，促进植物合成更多具有生物活性的有益次生代谢产物，其中部分产物具备药理学研究价值。因此，在筛选新型生防制剂时，也应考量其作为激发子的应用潜力。本文分析了利用拮抗微生物防治阿太菌（Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii）的相关研究，探讨了芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）细菌与酵母用于防治植物病原物的潜力，以及微生物对制药行业关注的营养成分与生物活性化合物含量的影响。