PROTEIN PROFILING PECTORAL FIN-LOSS OF ADULT AFRICAN CATFISH Clarias gariepinus AND IT’S EXPRESSION OF T-Box5 PROTEIN

Various studies on aquatic commodity abnormalities have been studied since 48 years ago (Aulstad & Kittelsen, 1971) but the problem of skeletal abnormalities in fish cultivation is still a major obstacle for the aquaculture sector (Bardon et al, 2009; Estivals, et al, 2015) . Skeletal abnormalities are still a stagnant problem (Boglione et al, 2013). African Catfish Clarias gariepinus is a popular species and has been widely cultivated in Indonesia since the 1980s. The hatchery technology has been mastered and is easy to do, making this fish more popular. In some centers of fish cultivation, abnormal fish are found in various forms of abnormalities. One form of abnormality that occurs is pectoral fin abnormality. It was suspected that the loss of the C.gariepinus African pectoral fin organ from the origin of cultivation in Indonesia was caused by genetic factors. This refers to the knowledge that pectoral fin organogenesis involves genes that work together so that organs can grow in the right place and pair with symmetric bilateral forms. Searching for the activity of pectoral fin organ formation genes, it was found that the gene that determines the pectoral fin identity is the Tbx5 gene (Pi-Roiget al, 2014; Albalat et al, 2010; Hall, 2005; Minguillon et al, 2005; Begemann and Ingenham , 1999; Tamura et al, 1999). This study aims to obtain the expression of protein T-Box5 (TBX5) of C.gariepinus African catfish that have pectoral fin morphological abnormalities. If TBX5 expression is different between abnormal fish and normal fish (control), then it can be proved that the pectoral fin morphological abnormality is a contribution from internal factors, in this case genetic factors. This research needs to be done so that the assessment of abnormalities in fish cultivation will progress, especially in the genetic field, so that a solution can be formulated to overcome the existing problems.

自48年前（Aulstad & Kittelsen，1971）以来，学界已开展多项针对水产商品异常的研究，但鱼类养殖中的骨骼畸形问题仍是水产养殖业面临的主要障碍（Bardon et al, 2009; Estivals et al, 2015）。骨骼畸形至今仍是长期未获有效解决的顽疾（Boglione et al, 2013）。非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）是广受青睐的养殖品种，自20世纪80年代起已在印度尼西亚实现规模化养殖；其孵化技术已成熟且操作简便，进一步推动了该物种的养殖普及。在部分鱼类养殖集中区域，已发现存在多种畸形表型的个体，其中胸鳍畸形为常见类型之一。据推测，印度尼西亚养殖的非洲鲶鱼出现胸鳍畸形或缺失的现象，可能由遗传因素导致。相关研究表明，胸鳍的器官发生过程需要多基因协同调控，以确保胸鳍在正确位置发育，并形成对称的双侧结构。在探究胸鳍发育相关基因的调控活性时，研究人员已证实，决定胸鳍发育特征的基因为Tbx5基因（Tbx5）（Pi-Roig et al, 2014; Albalat et al, 2010; Hall, 2005; Minguillon et al, 2005; Begemann & Ingenham, 1999; Tamura et al, 1999）。本研究旨在检测患有胸鳍形态畸形的非洲鲶鱼体内Tbx5蛋白的表达水平。若畸形个体与正常个体（对照组）的Tbx5蛋白表达水平存在显著差异，则可证明胸鳍形态畸形由内在因素——即遗传因素——主导。开展本研究有助于推动鱼类养殖畸形问题的评估研究，尤其是在遗传调控领域的进展，最终为解决当前水产养殖面临的相关问题制定可行解决方案。