Archaeology demonstrates sustainable Ancestral Coast Salish salmon stewardship over thousands of years pre-contact

Salmon are an essential component of the ecosystem in Tsleil-Waututh Nation’s traditional, ancestral, and unceded territory, centred on present-day Burrard Inlet, BC, Canada, where Tsleil-Waututh people have been harvesting salmon, along with a wide variety of other fishes, for millennia. Tsleil-Waututh Nation is an ancestral Coast Salish community that has called the Inlet home since time immemorial. This research assesses the continuity and sustainability of the salmon fishery at təmtəmíxʷtən, an ancestral Tsleil-Waututh settlement in the Inlet, over thousands of years before European contact (1792 CE). We apply Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) analysis to 245 archaeological salmon vertebrae to identify the species that were harvested by the Tsleil-Waututh community that lived at təmtəmíxʷtən. The results demonstrate that Tsleil-Waututh communities consistently and preferentially fished for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) over the period of almost 3,000 years. The consisten..., All samples were analysed within the Ancient DNA and Proteins (ADαPT) Facility in the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia. A total of 245 fish vertebrae were analysed using the method published in Buckley et al. 2009, modified as described in Richter et al. Briefly, ca. 10–30 mg of bone was subsampled and demineralized 0.6 M HCl at 4°C. Samples were rinsed in 200 μL of 0.1 M NaOH to remove humic compound, then rinsed three times in the same volume of 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate solution (NH4HCO3) pH 8.0 (AmBic). Samples were gelatinized through incubation in 100 μL of AmBic at 65 °C for 1 h at 65, before being enzymatically digested overnight at 37 °C in 0.4 μg of trypsin. Digested samples were acidified to 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and purified using Pierce™ 100 μL C18 tips (ThermoFisher). One microliter of α-cyano-hydroxycinnamic acid (matrix) was added to 1 μL of collagen extract and spotted in triplicate with onto a 384 spot MALDI target plate along..., , # Archaeology demonstrates sustainable Ancestral Coast Salish salmon stewardship over thousands of years pre-contact: MALDI-TOF data
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Salmon are an essential component of the ecosystem in Tsleil-Waututh Nation’s traditional, ancestral, and unceded territory, centred on present-day Burrard Inlet, BC, Canada, where Tsleil-Waututh people have been harvesting salmon, along with a wide variety of other fishes, for millennia. Tsleil-Waututh Nation is an ancestral Coast Salish community that has called the Inlet home since time immemorial. This research assesses the continuity and sustainability of the salmon fishery at təmtəmíxʷtən, an ancestral Tsleil-Waututh settlement in the Inlet, over thousands of years before European contact (1792 CE). We apply Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) analysis to 245 archaeological salmon vertebrae to identify the species that were harvested by the Tsleil-Waututh community that lived at təmtəmíxʷtən. The results demonstrate that Tsleil-Waututh c...

# 考古研究证实前欧洲接触期海岸萨利希族可持续的祖传三文鱼管护：基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight, MALDI-TOF）数据

三文鱼是斯莱尔-沃图族（Tsleil-Waututh Nation）传统、祖传且未被割让的领地生态系统的核心组成部分，该领地以今加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省巴拉德湾（Burrard Inlet）为中心，数千年来斯莱尔-沃图族民众在此捕捞三文鱼及多种其他鱼类。斯莱尔-沃图族是一个祖传的海岸萨利希（Coast Salish）族群，自远古时代起便以此海湾为家园。本研究评估了欧洲人接触前（公元1792年）数千年来，位于该海湾的斯莱尔-沃图族祖传定居点特姆特米克斯顿的三文鱼渔业的延续性与可持续性。我们对245块考古出土的三文鱼脊椎骨应用质谱考古动物学（Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry, ZooMS）分析，以鉴定当时居住在特姆特米克斯顿的斯莱尔-沃图族社群所捕捞的鱼类物种。研究结果显示，近3000年间，斯莱尔-沃图族社群始终优先捕捞狗大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus keta）。其一致性……，所有样本均在不列颠哥伦比亚大学人类学系的古DNA与蛋白质（Ancient DNA and Proteins, ADαPT）实验室完成分析。总计245块鱼脊椎骨采用Buckley等人2009年发表、并经Richter等人所述方法修改的方案进行分析。简言之，取约10–30毫克骨样，于4℃下用0.6M盐酸脱矿。随后用200微升0.1M氢氧化钠溶液冲洗样本以去除腐殖质，再用等体积的pH 8.0的50mM碳酸氢铵溶液（NH4HCO3，AmBic）冲洗三次。将样本置于100微升碳酸氢铵溶液中，于65℃孵育1小时以完成明胶化，随后在37℃下用0.4微克胰蛋白酶酶解过夜。酶解后的样本用0.1%三氟乙酸（trifluoroacetic acid, TFA）酸化，再使用Pierce™ 100微升C18萃取柱（ThermoFisher）进行纯化。取1微升α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸（基质）与1微升胶原提取物混合，以三重点样方式点至384孔的MALDI靶板上……
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三文鱼是斯莱尔-沃图族（Tsleil-Waututh Nation）传统、祖传且未被割让的领地生态系统的核心组成部分，该领地以今加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省巴拉德湾（Burrard Inlet）为中心，数千年来斯莱尔-沃图族民众在此捕捞三文鱼及多种其他鱼类。斯莱尔-沃图族是一个祖传的海岸萨利希（Coast Salish）族群，自远古时代起便以此海湾为家园。本研究评估了欧洲人接触前（公元1792年）数千年来，位于该海湾的斯莱尔-沃图族祖传定居点特姆特米克斯顿的三文鱼渔业的延续性与可持续性。我们对245块考古出土的三文鱼脊椎骨应用质谱考古动物学（Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry, ZooMS）分析，以鉴定当时居住在特姆特米克斯顿的斯莱尔-沃图族社群所捕捞的鱼类物种。研究结果显示，近3000年间，斯莱尔-沃图族社群始终优先捕捞狗大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus keta）。其一致性……