Parkes observations for project P1183 semester 2024OCTS_10

After nearly two years of monitoring, comprising 126.7 hours over 57 observations with the Parkes telescope and 49.4 hours across 101 observations with the FAST telescopes, we have determined that FRB 20220529 is an extremely active repeater. It exhibits one of the longest activity durations and a potential period. Due to frequent observations scheduled with both Parkes and FAST, we recently observed an abrupt rotation measure (RM) flare in this source. This is the first detection of such an ``RM flare'' in a fast radio burst (FRB), suggesting that the source is in an environment with occasionally erupting coronal mass ejection. This presents a unique opportunity to study the eruption environment of FRBs and investigate the relation between burst activity and other burst parameters. If confirmed, the periodicity and the ``RM flare'' of FRB 20220529 would corroborate each other and become a ``smoking gun'' of the binary origin of FRB. In our previous analysis, both Parkes and FAST observations have proven essential. While FAST's higher sensitivity has enabled the capture of many bursts, Parkes' wideband receiver has provided a good burst detection rate even during low-rate phases. Notably, during the RM flare, two high signal-to-noise ratio bursts from Parkes have been crucial in understanding the RM variations. To further investigate FRB 20220529, we have scheduled regular FAST observations every fortnight, monitoring the source for 20 minutes each time. Therefore, we also propose to monitor FRB 20220529 using the Parkes UWL receiver, ensuring high-time resolution and employing full-polarization observations.

经过近两年的监测工作，我们依托帕克斯望远镜（Parkes telescope）完成了57次观测，累计时长126.7小时；依托FAST望远镜完成了101次观测，累计时长49.4小时。据此确认，FRB 20220529是一颗活跃度极高的重复快速射电暴（fast radio burst, FRB），其具备迄今最长的活动持续时长之一，且存在潜在周期信号。得益于针对帕克斯与FAST望远镜的密集观测计划，我们近期在该源中探测到一次突发性旋转测量（rotation measure, RM）耀发现象。这是全球范围内首次在快速射电暴中观测到此类"RM耀斑"现象，表明该源所处的环境中存在偶发的日冕物质抛射（coronal mass ejection）活动。该发现为研究快速射电暴的爆发环境、探究暴活动与其他暴参数之间的关联提供了独一无二的契机。若FRB 20220529的周期性信号与"RM耀斑"现象均得到验证，二者将互为佐证，成为快速射电暴双星起源的"决定性证据"。在我们此前的分析中，帕克斯与FAST的观测数据均被证明不可或缺：FAST凭借更高的灵敏度捕捉到了大量暴源信号，而帕克斯的宽频带接收机即便在暴发率较低的阶段，也能保持优异的暴源探测效率。值得注意的是，在RM耀斑发生期间，帕克斯望远镜探测到的两例高信噪比（signal-to-noise ratio, SNR）暴源信号，对解析RM的变化特征起到了关键作用。为进一步开展FRB 20220529的相关研究，我们已规划了常态化的FAST观测计划：每两周开展一次观测，每次持续20分钟以监测该源。据此，我们同时提议使用帕克斯望远镜的UWL接收机对FRB 20220529开展监测，以保障高时间分辨率，并采用全极化观测方案。