Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi from the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest

Understanding the responses of tree species' functional traits to climate variability is essential for predicting the future of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) tree species through acclimation, especially in Andean montane environments where fog pockets act as moisture traps. We studied the distribution of Magnolia gentryi to measure its spatial arrangement and identify local hotspots, while also evaluating the extent to which climate-related factors are associated with its distribution. Finally, we analyzed variations in 13 functional traits of M. gentryi and the climate links to infer the shaping plant acclimate capacity. Our results show that Andean TMCF climatic factors constrain M. gentryi spatial distribution with significant patches or gaps, associated with high precipitation rates and mean minimum temperature. The functional traits of M. gentryi are constrained by Andean TMCF climatic factors, resulting in reduced within-species acclimation in functional traits associated w..., Study species— Magnolia gentryi A.Vázquez (Section Talauma, Magnolioideae, Magnoliaceae), is an endangered-evergreen Peruvian TMCF (Rivers et al. 2016) relict-tree species which only occurs in the Southeastern Tropical Andes (Vázquez-García et al. 2012). This species inhabits moderate steep-slope ravines and in valley bottoms and occasionally hilltops in association with Hyeronima macrocarpa Müll. Arg., Juglans neotropica, Cecropia spp., Clusia spp., Inga spp., Hedyosmum scabrum (Ruiz & Pav.) Solms, Guatteria sp., Socratea sp., and Podocarpus sp.
Site characteristics— The study forest is in a TMCF fragment close to the Tsachopen native community in Oxapampa Province, Oxapampa District, Perú (10° 32’ 17’’S, 75° 27’ 05’’W; from 1800 to 2000 m asl; 765 ha;). Nevertheless, TMCF is influenced by human activities such as logging, corn, coffee, and granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) plantations. The study forest has a temperate climate (Cwb; Peel et al. 2006), with rainy and cool summ..., , # Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in *Magnolia gentryi* from the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest

## Description of the Data and file structure

We have attached the information on the database used and the analyses performed to obtain the results in the manuscript. Also attached are the statistical programs and software that users can use to obtain the information.

1\) Tree ring width measurement was performed using the free software COFECHA and the TSAP-Win v.4.67c

2\) Measurements of anatomical functional traits were performed with the aid of free access software ImageJ.

3\) Spatial analysis of *Magnolia gentryi* and climate data were achieved with the free access software SADIE v1.22, and the SURFER v. 26.1.216

4\) We performed statistical analyses using the software R.

## DATABASE CONTENTS

The databases contain *Magnolia gentryi* chronology (chronology.csv), dasometric traits (Dasometric_assessments.txt), wood anatomical...

# 秘鲁热带山地云雾林中木兰gentyi（Magnolia gentryi）空间分布与功能性状的气候脆弱性追踪研究

阐明树木功能性状对气候波动的响应机制，对于通过驯化适应预测热带山地云雾林（Tropical Montane Cloud Forest, TMCF）树种的未来生存状况至关重要，这一点在雾霭层作为水分捕获区的安第斯山地生境中尤为关键。本研究以木兰gentyi（Magnolia gentryi）为研究对象，调查其空间分布格局并定位局域分布热点，同时评估气候相关因子对其分布的影响程度。最终，本研究分析了M. gentryi的13项功能性状变异及其与气候的关联，以此推断该物种的植物驯化适应能力。研究结果显示，安第斯TMCF的气候因子限制了M. gentryi的空间分布，形成显著的分布斑块与空缺区，这与高降水量及平均最低气温密切相关。木兰gentyi的功能性状受安第斯TMCF气候因子约束，导致其与……相关的功能性状种内驯化能力下降……

### 研究物种
木兰gentyi（Magnolia gentryi A.Vázquez）隶属于木兰科木兰亚科（Magnolioideae）盖裂木组（Section Talauma），是一种濒危常绿秘鲁TMCF残遗树种（Rivers等，2016），仅分布于热带安第斯山脉东南部地区（Vázquez-García等，2012）。该物种栖息于中等坡度的沟壑、河谷底部，偶见于山顶，伴生树种包括大果琼楠（Hyeronima macrocarpa Müll. Arg.）、新热带胡桃（Juglans neotropica）、号角树属（Cecropia spp.）、书带木属（Clusia spp.）、印加树属（Inga spp.）、糙叶合核木（Hedyosmum scabrum (Ruiz & Pav.) Solms）、Guatteria属（Guatteria sp.）、Socratea属（Socratea sp.）以及罗汉松属（Podocarpus sp.）。

### 样地概况
本研究的森林样地位于秘鲁奥克萨潘帕省奥克萨潘帕区Tsachopen原住民社区附近的TMCF斑块中，地理坐标为南纬10°32′17″、西经75°27′05″，海拔范围1800~2000米，样地面积765公顷。尽管该TMCF斑块仍受伐木、玉米、咖啡以及格拉纳迪亚西番莲（Passiflora ligularis Juss.）种植园等人类活动的干扰。研究样地的气候为温带气候（Cwb；Peel等，2006），夏季多雨凉爽……

## 数据与文件结构说明
本研究已随文稿附上研究所用数据库信息及用于获取研究结果的分析流程说明，同时附带了用户可用于复现相关结果的统计程序与软件。
1. 树木年轮宽度测量采用免费软件COFECHA与TSAP-Win v.4.67c完成。
2. 解剖学功能性状测量借助开源软件ImageJ完成。
3. 木兰gentyi（Magnolia gentryi）空间分布与气候数据的空间分析采用开源软件SADIE v1.22与SURFER v.26.1.216完成。
4. 本研究的统计分析通过软件R完成。

## 数据库内容
本数据库包含木兰gentyi（Magnolia gentryi）年表（chronology.csv）、测树学性状数据（Dasometric_assessments.txt）、木材解剖学……（原文未完成）