Trichromacy is insufficient for mate detection in a mimetic butterfly

Color vision is thought to play a key role in the evolution of animal coloration, while achromatic vision is rarely considered as a mechanism for species recognition. We examined the eyeshine and photopigments of adult Adelpha fessonia butterflies (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera), and the ultraviolet, blue and long-wavelength opsin sequences of 22 species of Adepha and Limenitis butterflies. Opsin sequences were extracted from individual RNA-seq transcriptomes of 24 adult male and female butterflies (brain + eye), combined with previously published sequences, and aligned for phylogenetic analysis. We measured reflectance spectra of white, orange and brown dorsal wing color patches of individual wild-caught female and male Adelpha fessonia and co-mimetic female and male A. basiloides butterflies. We also measured in vivo long wavelength rhodopsin dark spectra for A. fessonia and A. californica, and pupillary sensitivity for A. fessonia. We then used these reflectance spectra data in color spac..., Twenty-four individual transcriptome fasta files were produced using the Trinity pipeline (trinityrnaseq_r2012-06-08v2) on the University of California’s Legacy High Performance Computing cluster (HPC2) (Grabherr et al. 2011; Haas et al. 2013) from paired-end RNA-seq data of individual heads of adult male and female Adelpha and Limenitis butterflies including: Adelpha boreas (n=1 female); A. cocala (n=1 female and n=1 male); A. cytherea (n=1 female and n=1 male); A. erotia (n=1 female and n=1 male); A. fessonia (n=1 female and n=1 male); A. heraclea (n=1 female and n=1 male); A. leucophthalma (n=1 female and n=1 male); A. malea (n=1 female); A. naxia (n=2 females and n=2 males); A. phylaca (n=2 males); Adelpha serpa celerio (n=1 female and n=1 male); and Limenitis arthemis astyanax (n=1 female and n=1 male). Raw reads were trimmed for quality and parsed using custom scripts. We detected minor contamination of the RNA-seq reads of 4 of 24 specimens (i.e., Adelpha fessonia (RIH102), A. le..., , # Trichromacy is insufficient for mate detection in a mimetic butterfly

Authors: Andrew Dang, Gary D. Bernard, Furong Yuan, Aide Macias-Munoz, Ryan I. Hill, J.P. Lawrence, Aline G. Rangel Olguin, Armando Luis-Martinez, Sean P. Mullen, Jorge Llorente-Bousquets, Adriana D. Briscoe

## Description:

**Wing reflectance spectra folder**: This folder includes one .csv file for wing voucher specimen collection locality data and eighteen .csv files for wing reflectance spectra measurement data, separated by species (*A. basiloides* or *A. fessonia*), left (L) or right (R) wing, hind or forewing, orange or white patch, and male (M) or female (F) specimens. Individual wing reflectance spectra file includes measurements from 300 to 700 nm wavelengths (wl) and columns corresponding to individuals with IDs indicating species (ABA for *A. basiloides* or AFE for *A. fessonia*), number, and sex (M and F).

**Adult head transcriptomes folder**: This folder includes one .csv file for the collection loca...

学界普遍认为色觉在动物体色演化中发挥关键作用，而无彩色视觉鲜有被视作物种识别的机制。我们对玫眼秀蛱蝶（Adelpha fessonia，鳞翅目：蛱蝶科）成虫的眼反射光与光色素，以及秀蛱蝶属（Adelpha）22种与蛱蝶属（Limenitis）物种的紫外、蓝光与长波长视蛋白（opsin）序列开展了检测与分析。视蛋白序列从24头雌雄成虫（脑+眼组织）的单个体RNA-seq转录组（transcriptome）中提取，结合已发表的序列后进行比对，用于系统发育分析。我们测定了野外捕获的玫眼秀蛱蝶与其共拟态物种巴西秀蛱蝶（A. basiloides）雌雄成虫的白色、橙色与棕色背部翅斑反射光谱。此外，我们还测定了玫眼秀蛱蝶与加州秀蛱蝶（A. californica）的活体（in vivo）长波长视紫红质暗光谱，以及玫眼秀蛱蝶的瞳孔敏感性。随后我们将这些反射光谱数据用于色彩空间……

本研究利用加州大学Legacy高性能计算集群（HPC2）的Trinity流程（trinityrnaseq_r2012-06-08v2），从秀蛱蝶属与蛱蝶属雌雄成虫头部的双端RNA-seq数据中生成了24个单个体转录组fasta文件（Grabherr等，2011；Haas等，2013），涉及物种如下：波瑞秀蛱蝶（Adelpha boreas，n=1雌虫）、可可拉秀蛱蝶（A. cocala，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）、西瑟秀蛱蝶（A. cytherea，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）、埃罗蒂亚秀蛱蝶（A. erotia，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）、玫眼秀蛱蝶（A. fessonia，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）、赫拉克莱秀蛱蝶（A. heraclea，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）、白眶秀蛱蝶（A. leucophthalma，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）、马莱亚秀蛱蝶（A. malea，n=1雌虫）、纳克夏秀蛱蝶（A. naxia，n=2雌虫、n=2雄虫）、菲拉卡秀蛱蝶（A. phylaca，n=2雄虫）、赛帕西勒里奥秀蛱蝶（Adelpha serpa celerio，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）以及北美白蛱蝶（Limenitis arthemis astyanax，n=1雌虫、n=1雄虫）。原始测序读段经自定义脚本进行质量修剪与解析。我们在24个样本中的4个样本的RNA-seq读段中检测到轻微污染，即玫眼秀蛱蝶（RIH102）、A. le……

# 拟态蝴蝶的三色视觉不足以完成配偶识别
作者：Andrew Dang、Gary D. Bernard、Furong Yuan、Aide Macias-Munoz、Ryan I. Hill、J.P. Lawrence、Aline G. Rangel Olguin、Armando Luis-Martinez、Sean P. Mullen、Jorge Llorente-Bousquets、Adriana D. Briscoe

## 数据集描述
**翅反射光谱文件夹**：本文件夹包含1个用于存放翅凭证标本采集地点信息的.csv文件，以及18个翅反射光谱测量数据.csv文件，文件按物种（*A. basiloides*或*A. fessonia*）、左（L）/右（R）翅、后/前翅、橙色/白色翅斑以及雌雄（M/F）样本进行区分。单个翅反射光谱文件包含300~700 nm波长（wl）范围内的测量数据，列对应样本个体，ID包含物种信息（*A. basiloides*缩写为ABA，*A. fessonia*缩写为AFE）、样本编号与性别（M/F）。

**成虫头部转录组文件夹**：本文件夹包含1个用于存放采集地点……