A phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic study of all extant species of Anolis (Squamata; Iguanidae)

Anolis lizards (anoles) are textbook study organisms in evolution and ecology. Although several topics in evolutionary biology have been elucidated by the study of anoles, progress in some areas has been hampered by limited phylogenetic information on this group. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of all 379 extant species of Anolis, with new phylogenetic data for 139 species including new DNA data for 101 species. We use the resulting estimates as a basis for defining anole clade names under the principles of phylogenetic nomenclature and to examine the biogeographic history of anoles. Our new taxonomic treatment achieves the supposed advantages of recent subdivisions of anoles that employed ranked Linnaean–based nomenclature while avoiding the pitfalls of those approaches regarding artificial constraints imposed by ranks. Our biogeographic analyses demonstrate complexity in the dispersal history of anoles, including multiple crossings of the Isthmus of Panama, two invasions of th...

安乐蜥属蜥蜴（Anolis lizards，俗称anoles）是进化生物学与生态学领域的经典模式研究类群。尽管学界通过对安乐蜥的研究已阐明进化生物学中的多项议题，但该类群的系统发育信息（phylogenetic information）匮乏，仍制约了部分研究方向的进展。本研究针对安乐蜥属全部379个现存物种开展系统发育分析（phylogenetic analysis），其中139个物种拥有全新的系统发育数据，包含101个物种的全新DNA序列数据。本研究以得到的系统发育估计结果为依据，基于系统发育命名法（phylogenetic nomenclature）原则界定安乐蜥演化支（clade）的分类名称，并以此探讨安乐蜥的生物地理演化历史。我们提出的全新分类处理方案，既具备近期采用林奈等级式命名法（ranked Linnaean-based nomenclature）对安乐蜥进行亚属划分的方案所宣称的优势，又规避了此类方法因等级设置带来的人为约束弊端。本次生物地理学分析（biogeographic analysis）揭示了安乐蜥扩散历史的复杂性，包括多次跨越巴拿马地峡、两次对……的入侵。