The Potential mechanism of Methane Mitigation in Red Seaweeds (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

Methane (CH4) emissions are one of the major greenhouse gases originating from ruminants. Studies have shown that seaweed from various regions is an effective mitigator of rumen CH4 generation in vitro. The current research aimed to determine potential of Gracilaria lemaneiformis as an anti-methanogenic feed additive for cattle and investigate effects on rumen characteristics, rumen microbiome, and rumen metabolome. Three seaweed doses of 2%, 5%, and 10% DM were evaluated in vitro, along with two treatments that involved drying or lyophilization, to simulate the fermentation process in the rumen. To determine the composition of the gas, gas samples were taken at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours of incubation. Moreover, fermentation liquid samples were collected at 48 hours to assess fermentation parameters.