Education and other determinants of older adults’ participation in labor force in Brazil

Abstract The extension of working life is associated with the accumulated years of schooling of individuals and with the characteristics of the pension system (COILE, 2018; GRUBER; WISE, 1999). In Brazil, people are acquiring years of education and beginning to work later. However, the availability of retirement programs make them leave early, despite increasing longevity (QUEIROZ; FERREIRA, 2021). This paper aims to characterize the changes in the labor force participation of elderly people across time, considering changes in the education composition. Census microdata were used (1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010), collected from IPUMS, and PNAD 2015. The labor force participation was estimated using binary logistic regression that considers potential determinants and represents the inequalities marking the context. Results show that the propensity to work is positively associated with schooling. However, little has changed regarding the working conditions of the elderly. The vulnerability faced by this labor force persists across time as do disadvantages for women and black people.

摘要 劳动寿命的延长与个体累积受教育年限以及养老金制度特征密切相关（COILE, 2018; GRUBER; WISE, 1999）。在巴西，民众受教育年限不断增加，且初始就业年龄有所延后。然而，尽管预期寿命持续延长，退休计划的普及却使得他们更早退出劳动力市场（QUEIROZ; FERREIRA, 2021）。本文旨在结合教育结构变迁，刻画不同时期老年群体劳动力参与率的变化特征。本研究使用了来自IPUMS的1980年、1991年、2000年及2010年人口普查微观数据，以及2015年PNAD数据。研究采用二元逻辑回归模型对劳动力参与率进行估计，该模型纳入潜在影响因素，并能够反映所处环境中的不平等特征。结果显示，就业倾向与受教育程度呈显著正相关关系。但老年群体的劳动就业状况并未出现明显改善。该劳动力群体所面临的脆弱性始终存在，女性与黑人群体所遭遇的劣势也未随时间得到缓解。