Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts and Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic during starter period on growth performances of male broiler chicken

<strong>Background</strong>: Probiotics and medicinal plants have been used to support human and livestock health. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of moringa (<em>Moringa oleifera </em>Lam.) leaf extract on the growth of <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus,</em> <em>L. acidophilus </em>and<em> L. plantarum</em> probiotic in vitro and to prove the potential of probiotics and <em>M.oleifera</em> extract as a feed additive as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) to improve nutrient intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency in broiler chicken starter phase. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study consisted of three sub studies: (1) screening test for phytochemical compounds in Moringa leaf extract, (2) evaluation of several doses of moringa extract (0% (P0), 0.1% (P1), 0.2% (P2), 0.3% (P3) on P. <em>pentosaceus</em> viable cell count using total plate count methods. At the end of treatment, each colony was calculated using the method<em> Total Plate Count</em> (3) evaluation of probiotics and <em>M.oleifera</em> by in vivo to prove growth performance on starter phase of broiler chicken. All the results were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then followed by the Duncan test. <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed (1) the phytochemical screening test <em>M.oleifera</em> extract have compounds in the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and alkaloids; (2) <em>M.oleifera</em> extract at a doses of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% can increase the growth of bacteria <em>P. pentosaceus,</em> <em>L. acidophilus </em>and<em> L. plantarum </em> (p&lt;0.05); (3) The use of probiotics, <em>M.oleifera</em> extract and a combination of probiotics + <em>M.oleifera</em> extract showed that body weight, body weight gain, FCR and feed efficiency signifcantly differ (p &lt;0.05) between the treatments, but there was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) between the treatments (p &gt; 0.05) on nutrient intake (dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fiber and organic matter) on broiler chicken starter phase. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The conclusion of this study is that the use of <em>M.oleifera</em> extract at doses of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% increased the growth of <em>P. pentosaceus, L. acidophilus</em> and <em>L. plantarum</em> bacteria by in vitro and the use of probiotics, <em>M.oleifera</em> extract and combination of probiotics + <em>M.oleifera</em> extract by in vivo can improve the growth performance on starter phase of broilers chicken.

<strong>背景</strong>：益生菌与药用植物素来被用于辅助人类及畜禽的健康维护。本研究旨在体外评估辣木（<em>Moringa oleifera</em> Lam.）叶提取物对戊糖片球菌（<em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em>）、嗜酸乳杆菌（<em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>）及植物乳杆菌（<em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>）这三种益生菌生长的影响，并验证益生菌与辣木叶提取物作为抗生素生长促进剂（antibiotic growth promoters, AGP）替代品用作饲料添加剂的潜力，以改善肉鸡育雏期的营养摄入量、体增重、饲料转化率及饲料利用效率。
<strong>方法</strong>：本研究包含三项子实验：(1) 辣木叶提取物的植物化学成分筛选试验；(2) 采用平板计数法（total plate count）设置0%（P0）、0.1%（P1）、0.2%（P2）、0.3%（P3）四个梯度的辣木提取物剂量，检测其对戊糖片球菌活细胞数的影响，实验结束后通过平板计数法统计菌落数量；(3) 通过体内实验评估益生菌与辣木叶提取物对肉鸡育雏期生长性能的影响。所有实验数据均采用方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA），后续辅以邓肯氏多重比较检验（Duncan test）。
<strong>结果</strong>：实验结果如下：(1) 辣木叶提取物的植物化学筛选结果显示，其含有黄酮类、皂苷类、鞣质类、三萜类及生物碱类成分；(2) 浓度为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的辣木叶提取物可显著促进戊糖片球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及植物乳杆菌的生长（p<0.05）；(3) 单独使用益生菌、单独使用辣木叶提取物，以及益生菌与辣木叶提取物联合使用的各组间，肉鸡的体重、体增重、饲料转化率（feed conversion ratio, FCR）及饲料利用效率均存在显著差异（p<0.05）；但各组间肉鸡育雏期的营养摄入量（干物质、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗纤维及有机物）无显著差异（p>0.05）。
<strong>结论</strong>：本研究得出结论：体外实验中，浓度为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的辣木叶提取物可显著促进戊糖片球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及植物乳杆菌的生长；体内实验中，单独使用益生菌、单独使用辣木叶提取物，以及益生菌与辣木叶提取物联合使用，均可改善肉鸡育雏期的生长性能。