Data from: Educational disparities in the intention to quit smoking among male smokers in China: a cross-sectional survey on the explanations provided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Objectives We aim to describe the intention to quit smoking among Chinese males from different educational backgrounds and to explain this intention from their attitude, perceived social norm, and self-efficacy regarding smoking cessation.
Setting Participants were recruited from workplaces and communities to reflect the occupational distribution in three cities (Shanghai, Nanning and Mudanjiang) in China.
Design and participants In 2013 interviews were conducted with 3,676 male smokers aged 18 years and older.
Outcome measures Multivariate logistic regression analyses calculated educational differences in the intention to quit smoking as well as the association between the intention to quit smoking and attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy. Bootstrapping estimated to what extent the educational disparities in the intention to quit smoking were mediated by these three determinants.
Results No educational disparities in the intention to quit smoking within one or six months were observed among male Chinese smokers (p=0.623 and p=0.153 respectively). A less negative attitude, a higher perceived subjective norm towards smoking cessation, and a higher perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking were all associated with more smokers wanting to quit (all p-values <0.001).
Perceived subjective norm was the only component of the Theory of Planned Behaviour that statistically significantly mediated the differences in the intention to quit smoking (within one or six months) between the lowest educated Chinese men and the lower (β=0.039, 95%CI 0.017-0.071 and β=0.043, 95%CI 0.019-0.073), higher (β=0.041, 95%CI 0.017-0.075 and β=0.045, 95%CI 0.019-0.077) and highest educated groups (β=0.045, 95%CI 0.019-0.080 and β=0.050, 95%CI 0.023-0.083).
Conclusions In order to prevent future socioeconomic disparities in smoking cessation, investment in a more stimulating social environment and norm towards smoking cessation among particularly the lowest educated Chinese men is warranted.

研究目的：本研究旨在刻画不同教育背景中国男性群体的戒烟意愿，并基于其戒烟态度、感知社会规范与戒烟自我效能感，对该戒烟意愿进行解释分析。
研究场景：研究对象从工作场所与社区招募，以反映中国上海市、南宁市与牡丹江市三地的职业分布特征。
研究设计与研究对象：2013年，研究人员对3676名年龄18岁及以上的男性吸烟者开展了访谈。
结局测量指标：采用多因素logistic回归分析，计算戒烟意愿的教育差异，并剖析戒烟意愿与戒烟态度、主观规范及自我效能感间的关联；运用Bootstrap法（Bootstrapping）估算上述三类决定因素对戒烟意愿教育差异的中介效应程度。
研究结果：中国男性吸烟者在1个月或6个月内的戒烟意愿未呈现显著教育差异（分别对应p=0.623与p=0.153）。戒烟态度越积极、戒烟感知主观规范程度越高、戒烟自我效能感越强，均与更高比例的吸烟者产生戒烟意愿显著相关（所有p值均<0.001）。
感知主观规范是计划行为理论（Theory of Planned Behaviour）中唯一在统计学上显著介导最低教育水平中国男性与低教育、较高教育及最高教育水平群体间戒烟意愿（1个月或6个月内）差异的成分（β=0.039，95%CI 0.017-0.071 与 β=0.043，95%CI 0.019-0.073；β=0.041，95%CI 0.017-0.075 与 β=0.045，95%CI 0.019-0.077；β=0.045，95%CI 0.019-0.080 与 β=0.050，95%CI 0.023-0.083）。
研究结论：为预防未来戒烟行为中出现社会经济地位相关的差异，应针对受教育水平最低的中国男性群体，加大对戒烟相关积极社会环境与行为规范的建设投入。