Soil moisture and temperature along an urban to rural gradient at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study 2011- present

Soil temperature and soil moisture have been measured at multiple locations in and around Baltimore Maryland to provide data on these variables in forests and lawns across an urban to rural gradient. In July 2011, we installed one Decagon Em50 Datalogger with five 5TM VWC/Temperature probes at four established forested, upslope, 20 x 20-m plots, two rural (ORU1, ORU2) and two urban (LEA1, LEA2), at 2 forested riparian sites at two transects along a stream (ORUR, ORLR), and two lawn plots on the campus of the University of Maryland Baltimore County campus (UMBC1, UMBC 2). Probes were buried horizontally at 10cm depth (except UMBC1 and UMBC2 where the five probes are mounted horizontally at a single location at depths of 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 cm depth). At the upslope forested plots, the five probes are replicates. At the two riparian sites, probes are deployed in either "hummocks (drier, higher)� or in "hollows (lower, wetter)". Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured at hourly intervals on these plots beginning in July 2011.

为获取美国马里兰州巴尔的摩市及其周边区域内，沿城乡梯度分布的森林与草坪生境中的土壤温度与土壤湿度数据，研究团队在该区域多处点位开展了原位监测。2011年7月，研究团队在4个已设立的20米×20米上坡森林样方中各部署1台Decagon Em50数据记录仪（Decagon Em50 Datalogger）与5台5TM型土壤体积含水量（Volumetric Water Content, VWC）/温度传感器；其中2个为乡村样方（ORU1、ORU2），2个为城市样方（LEA1、LEA2）。同时在沿溪流设置的2条样带上的2处森林河岸带样点（ORUR、ORLR），以及马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校（University of Maryland Baltimore County, UMBC）校园内的2处草坪样方（UMBC1、UMBC2）中完成了设备布设。除UMBC1与UMBC2样点外，其余传感器均以水平方式埋设于10厘米深度处；UMBC1与UMBC2的5台传感器则水平安装于同一测点，布设深度分别为50、40、30、20与10厘米。上坡森林样地的5台传感器为重复观测单元。两处河岸带样点的传感器分别布设于"土丘（地势更高、土壤更干燥）"与"凹地（地势更低、土壤更湿润）"中。自2011年7月起，研究团队对上述所有样地以每小时1次的频率开展土壤温度与土壤湿度观测。