Noi, "loro" e "quelli": la ricontestualizzazione di popolo, ONG e rifugiati nel discorso sovranista = "We", "them" and "those": the recontextualisation of pepole, NGOs and refugees in sovereignst discourse

The paper is aimed at understanding whether and how the criminalisation of NGOs has affected the discursive construction of identity and representations of migrants, Italians and NGOs themselves, assessing which aspects have consolidated and which have changed. The study considers Twitter as a privileged arena to understand public debate: the paper is focused on "common users", by analysing their linguistic, paratextual and discursive strategies. The research is based on a corpus of over 800,000 tweets published between 2017 and 2020, adopting a combination of digital corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis methods. The combination of these analyses has shown that the emergence of criminalising rhetoric towards NGOs entails the following outputs: on the one hand, it sheds light on the relations between identity and otherness by re-articulating the relationship between 'us' and 'them' within media representations of migratory phenomena; on the other hand, it allows us to understand the development of the sovereignist political imagery, as an evolution of nationalism and right-wing populism. Research outputs highlight a strong de-humanisation of migrants through passivisation, impersonalisation and objectification. Through the study of the criminalisation of NGOs, this work contributes to shed new light on the static and dynamic elements of the media representation of migration in Italy and migrants' identities.

本研究旨在探究非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization，NGO）的刑事化进程是否以及如何影响移民、意大利本国公民及非政府组织自身的身份话语建构与形象表征，并评估其中哪些维度得以固化、哪些发生了演变。本研究将推特（Twitter）视为探析公共舆论的核心场域：研究聚焦于「普通用户」，对其语言、副文本与话语策略展开分析。本研究的语料库包含2017年至2020年间发布的80余万条推特推文，融合了数字语料库语言学与批判性话语分析的研究方法。上述分析方法的结合应用表明，针对非政府组织的刑事化修辞的兴起带来了如下结果：其一，通过重构移民现象媒体表征中的「我们」与「他们」的关系，揭示了身份与他者间的关联；其二，助力我们理解作为民族主义与右翼民粹主义演进产物的主权主义政治意象的发展脉络。研究结果凸显出，通过被动化、非人格化与客体化手段，移民遭到了强烈的去人性化对待。本研究通过对非政府组织刑事化进程的探析，为厘清意大利移民媒体表征及移民身份的静态与动态要素提供了全新视角。