Mapping countries in Global Value Chains: An analysis of trade and Intellectual property income flows

Abstract This article aims at mapping the countries participation in Global Value Chains (CGV) simultaneously to the behavior of trade flows and income for the use of intellectual property, in a pioneering empirical approach in the literature regarding value chains involving technological variables. For this, it were analyzed the countries participation in value chains and the pattern of variation of trade flows and income for the use of intellectual property. The mapping was done with 41 countries between 1995 and 2011, using five indicators that captured characteristics inherent to participation in this process. Given the amount of information, clusters analysis was used, identifying that the countries which increased their participation in global chains generally presented worsening in intellectual property income account usually accompanied by improvement in trade account. The result obtained with the methodology converges with the recent discussion of greater participation of the developing countries in CGV to be accompanied by greater external technological dependence.

摘要 本文旨在同时刻画国家参与全球价值链（Global Value Chains，以下简称CGV）的行为，以及贸易流量与知识产权使用收入的表现，在现有涉及技术变量的价值链相关研究文献中采用了开创性的实证研究范式。为此，本文分析了各国在价值链中的参与情况，以及贸易流量与知识产权使用收入的变化模式。本次研究以1995年至2011年间的41个国家为研究对象，通过5项能够捕捉该参与进程固有特征的指标完成了相关映射。鉴于研究涉及的信息量庞大，本文采用聚类分析法开展研究，结果显示：全球价值链参与度提升的国家，其知识产权收入账户通常呈现恶化趋势，而贸易账户往往伴随改善。本研究方法所得结论，与近期关于发展中国家更多参与全球价值链往往伴随更高外部技术依赖程度的学术讨论相契合。