Wind speed measurements with a 2-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer from the FS Polarstern bow tower, deployed during MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, Arctic Circle, 2019-2020

True and relative wind speed and direction measured from the bow of the research icebreaker FS Polarstern during the 2019-2020 Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) field program. These are minute-averaged values of 1 Hertz (Hz) raw measurements with an RM Young model 86004 heated, 2 Dimensional (2D) ultrasonic anemometer. The measurement location was ~18 meters (m) height on a triangular meteorological tower on the ship's bow, on a horizontal arm extending ~ 1.5m in front of the tower. Sensor heating prevented ice formation in almost all conditions, but there were a few periods of ice build-up in severe freezing rain or fog conditions. The north (N) orientation of the anemometer was in the direction of the ship's bow. True wind speed and direction are computed from relative winds and the ship heading. Due to obstructions from the ship's superstructure, measurements for relative wind directions beyond +/- 130 degrees from the bow are not accurate and subject to high variability. Measurements over the remaining wind sector (+/- 120 deg from the bow) are slightly distorted by the divergence of streamlines over the ship. As a convenience to users, ship navigation parameters (latitude, longitude, speed-over-ground, course-over-ground, and heading) are provided. The archives of ship navigation and meteorological data from PANGEA are the original sources for all navigation parameters (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935221, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935222, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935223, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935224, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935225).

本数据集包含2019至2020年北极气候多学科漂流观测站（Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate, MOSAiC）野外科考计划期间，搭载于研究型破冰船极星号（FS Polarstern）船艏的真实风速风向与相对风速风向观测数据。该数据集采用RM Young 86004型加热式二维（2D）超声风速仪（ultrasonic anemometer），以1赫兹（Hz）的原始采样率采集数据，并取分钟级平均值作为最终输出。观测点位设置在船艏的三角气象塔上，该塔架前方延伸有长约1.5米的水平悬臂，传感器安装高度约为18米（m）。传感器加热功能可在绝大多数工况下抑制结霜结冰，但在极端冻雨或大雾工况下，仍会出现短暂的积冰情况。风速仪的北（N）向与船艏朝向一致。真实风速与风向通过相对风观测数据与船舶航向计算得到。受船舶上层建筑遮挡影响，当相对风向与船艏夹角超出±130°时，观测数据准确性不足且波动性较高。而夹角处于±120°的有效观测扇区内，观测数据会因船舶周边流线分流产生轻微畸变。为方便用户使用，数据集同步提供船舶导航参数，包括纬度、经度、对地航速、对地航向与船舶航向。所有导航参数的原始数据源均为PANGEA数据库中收录的船舶导航与气象数据归档文件，具体链接如下：https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935221、https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935222、https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935223、https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935224、https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935225。