Health Survey for England, 2012

<div>The <span style="font-style: italic;">Health Survey for England </span>(HSE)<span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health.  It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.</div><div><br></div><div>The aims of the HSE series are:</div><ul><li>to provide annual data about the nation’s health;</li><li>to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;</li><li>to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;</li><li>to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;</li><li>to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;</li><li>to monitor progress towards selected health targets</li><li>since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;</li><li>since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.</li></ul>The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change. <br> <br> Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital <a href="http://content.digital.nhs.uk/article/3741/Health-Survey-for-England-Health-social-care-and-lifestyles" title="Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles">Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage, the NatCen Social Research <a href="http://www.natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/health-survey-for-england/" title="NatCen Health Survey for England">NatCen Health Survey for England</a> webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group <a title="UCL Health Survey for England" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/epidemiology-and-public-health/research/health-and-social-surveys-research-group/studies-0">UCL Health Survey for England</a> webpage.<br> <br> <p><strong>Changes to the HSE from 2015</strong>:<br> Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available. The household data file is no longer released for analysis. In addition, users may see other changes; for example only grouped age is now available instead of single year of age. NHS Digital have issued the following statement on changes to the HSE from 2015:<br> <br> "NHS Digital has recently reviewed how we manage access to survey datasets. In doing this we have sought to strike a balance between protecting the privacy of individuals and enabling maximum use of these valuable, publicly funded data collections. We have thoroughly reviewed our disclosure control measures, including taking advice from experts at the Office of National Statistics. The result is that additional disclosure control measures have been applied to the 2015 survey [onwards] to enable a suitable dataset to be made available through the UK Data Service via end user licence. This involved providing less detail on some aspects, such as geographical classifications, ethnicity and household relationships. To provide greater protection of the answers of children and adults within households it is not possible to identify people within the same household on this dataset, however parent/guardian derived variables appended to their children (if they have any) have been added to enable some intra‐household analysis.”</p> <p><br> It is hoped that a second dataset with more detail including family and household relationships will be made available via Special Licence. In the meantime, researchers who want to do analysis of health and behaviours within families or households, and the derived intra-household variables do not meet your needs, are advised to register their interest for a more detailed dataset with NatCen Social Research and provide information about their proposed research and which data they want.</p> The main focus of the HSE in 2012 was physical activity. The survey also provided updates on core topics and measurements. Additional modules of questions were also included covering gambling, sexual health, average weekly alcohol consumption and well-being (the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale).<br> <br>

《英格兰健康调查》（Health Survey for England, HSE）是一系列旨在监测国民健康趋势的调查项目。该调查由英国国民保健署数据中心（NHS Digital）委托，由国家社会研究中心联合健康调查单元与伦敦大学学院（University College London, UCL）流行病学与公共卫生系共同实施。

本系列调查的目标如下：
- 提供英格兰国民健康状况的年度统计数据；
- 估算英格兰境内罹患特定健康疾病的人群比例；
- 估算与上述疾病相关的部分风险因素的流行率；
- 分析不同人口亚群体罹患特定疾病或暴露于风险因素的概率差异；
- 评估特定风险因素组合的出现频率，以及此类组合最常出现的群体；
- 监测特定健康目标的达成进展；
- 自1995年起，测量不同年龄段儿童的身高，以取代《国家健康与成长研究》；
- 自1995年起，监测儿童超重与肥胖的流行情况。

该调查每年包含若干核心问题模块，同时每一轮调查都会聚焦不同的健康议题，并在适当的周期内回溯相关主题以持续监测健康趋势的变化。

有关本系列调查的更多信息，可查阅以下官方网页：英国国民保健署数据中心的《英格兰健康调查：健康、社会关怀与生活方式》页面、NatCen社会研究中心的《NatCen英格兰健康调查》页面，以及伦敦大学学院健康与社会调查研究组的《UCL英格兰健康调查》页面。

**2015年起HSE的变更说明**
用户需注意，自2015年调查起，仅可获取个体数据文件，家庭数据文件不再公开用于分析。此外，用户还可能观察到其他变更：例如当前仅提供分组年龄数据，不再提供单一年龄数据。英国国民保健署数据中心就2015年起HSE的变更发布了如下声明：
"英国国民保健署数据中心近期对调查数据集的管理方式进行了复盘，旨在平衡保护受访者隐私与最大化利用这些由公共资金资助的宝贵数据集之间的关系。我们已全面审查了披露控制措施，包括征询了英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics, ONS）专家的建议。最终，我们为2015年及之后的调查增设了额外的披露控制措施，以确保可通过英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service）经最终用户许可协议发布可用的数据集。这意味着部分信息的细节将有所缩减，例如地理分类、种族信息与家庭关系数据。为进一步保护家庭内儿童与成人的应答信息，本数据集无法识别同一家庭内的成员，但我们已新增了附加于儿童（若有）的父母/监护人衍生变量，以支持部分家庭内部分析。"

我们期望可通过特殊许可协议发布包含更多细节（包括家庭与亲属关系信息）的第二套数据集。在此期间，若研究者需要开展家庭或户内健康与行为分析，且现有衍生的户内变量无法满足需求，建议向NatCen社会研究中心登记研究意向，并提供其拟开展的研究计划与所需数据类型的相关信息。

2012年的HSE以身体活动为核心调查主题，同时也对核心主题与测量指标进行了更新，额外增设了涵盖赌博、性健康、周均酒精摄入量与幸福感（沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表，Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale）的问题模块。