Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Stroke (Included Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke) between COPD Patients with or without Using the Five Categories of Inhaled Pharmacotherapy during Three-Year Follow-up (N = 10,413).

Abbreviation: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SAMA = shorting-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA = short-acting β-agonists; LAMA = long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA = long-acting β-agonists; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; HR = hazard ratio.
aA brief use of SABA or SAMA on demand for acute exacerbation is allowed.
bAdjustments for patient’s age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and diabetes.
Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Stroke (Included Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke) between COPD Patients with or without Using the Five Categories of Inhaled Pharmacotherapy during Three-Year Follow-up (N = 10,413).