Data from: Genetic population structure of the round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) in North America: multiple markers reveal glacial refugia and regional subdivision.

Round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) have a broad, disjunct range across northern North America and Eurasia, and little is known about their genetic population structure. We performed genetic analyses of round whitefish from 17 sites across its range using nine microsatellites, two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loci, and 4918 to 8835 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. Our analyses identified deep phylogenetic division between eastern and western portions of the range, likely indicative of origins from at least two separate Pleistocene glacial refugia. Regionally, microsatellites and SNPs identified congruent patterns in subdivision, and population structure was consistent with expectations based on hydrologic connectivity. Within the Laurentian Great Lakes, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario were identified as key areas of interest. Lake Huron appears to be a contemporary source population for several other Great Lakes, and Lake Ontario contains a genetically discrete group of round whitefish. In all cases, multiple genetic markers yielded similar patterns, but SNPs offered substantially enhanced resolution. We conclude that round whitefish have population subdivision on several scales important for understanding their evolutionary history and conservation planning.

圆白鱼（Round whitefish，*Prosopium cylindraceum*）的分布范围横跨北美北部与欧亚大陆，呈广泛的间断分布，目前学界对其遗传种群结构的了解仍较为有限。本研究针对该物种分布范围内17个采样点的种群开展遗传分析，共使用9个微卫星标记（microsatellites）、2个线粒体DNA（mtDNA）位点以及4918至8835个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点。分析结果显示，其分布区的东西部群体间存在深度系统发育分化，这一结果大概率对应至少两个独立的更新世冰期避难所起源。区域尺度上，微卫星标记与SNP位点均检测到一致的种群细分模式，且种群结构与基于水文连通性的预期相符。在圣劳伦斯五大湖区域内，休伦湖与安大略湖被确定为重点研究区域。休伦湖似乎是其他数个五大湖群体的当代源种群，而安大略湖内则存在一支遗传上独立的圆白鱼种群。所有实验均得到了相似的遗传模式，但SNP位点提供了显著更高的分辨精度。本研究结论表明，圆白鱼在多个尺度上存在种群细分，这一发现对于理解其进化历史与制定保护规划具有重要价值。