Prevalence and factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Brazil

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol (DUIA) among car drivers and motorcyclists in Brazil and to evaluate the association between DUIA and self-reported Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) in these groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from adults aged 18 or older who participated in the 2019 National Health Survey. Probability sampling was used to recruit participants, and data collection was carried out through home visits. Data from 31,246 car drivers and 21,896 motorcyclists were analyzed. Key indicators included the proportion (%) of car drivers who consumed alcohol and then drove in the past 12 months and the proportion (%) of motorcyclists who consumed alcohol and then drove in the past 12 months. Multiple Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with DUIA and the association of this variable with RTIs in both groups. DUIA prevalence was 9.4% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 8.8–10.0) among car drivers and 11.2% (95% CI = 10.4–12.1) among motorcyclists. Among car drivers, DUIA prevalence was higher in men, young adults, those without a spouse/partner, and lower in individuals with lower income and education level. Among motorcyclists, DUIA prevalence was higher in men, young adults, those living outside the capitals and metropolitan regions, and lower in individuals with lower income. DUIA increased the prevalence of self-reported RTIs in the previous 12 months among car drivers and motorcyclists. A high prevalence of DUIA was evident among drivers, particularly motorcyclists. The DUIA was more prevalent among men and young adults. The DUIA was associated with an increased magnitude of self-reported RTIs among car drivers and motorcyclists. Despite the extensive legislation for zero tolerance toward DUIA in the country, actions need stricter enforcement.

为估算巴西乘用车驾驶员与摩托车骑手群体中酒精影响下驾驶（Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol, DUIA）的流行率及其相关影响因素，并评估该群体中DUIA与自我报告道路交通事故损伤（Road Traffic Injuries, RTIs）之间的关联。本研究采用横断面研究设计，使用参与2019年全国健康调查的18岁及以上成年人群数据开展。研究采用概率抽样方法招募受试者，通过入户访问完成数据采集。最终纳入分析的乘用车驾驶员与摩托车骑手样本量分别为31246例与21896例。核心观测指标包括过去12个月内饮酒后驾车的乘用车驾驶员占比（%），以及过去12个月内饮酒后驾车的摩托车骑手占比（%）。研究采用多重泊松回归模型，分析两组人群中与DUIA相关的影响因素，以及该变量与RTIs之间的关联。乘用车驾驶员群体的DUIA流行率为9.4%（95%置信区间[95% CI]=8.8~10.0），摩托车骑手群体的DUIA流行率为11.2%（95% CI=10.4~12.1）。在乘用车驾驶员群体中，男性、青年群体以及无配偶/伴侣者的DUIA流行率更高，而低收入与低受教育水平人群的DUIA流行率更低。在摩托车骑手群体中，男性、青年群体以及居住在非省会城市与非大都市地区者的DUIA流行率更高，而低收入人群的DUIA流行率更低。饮酒后驾驶会提升乘用车驾驶员与摩托车骑手群体过去12个月内自我报告RTIs的发生风险。驾驶员群体中DUIA流行率较高，尤以摩托车骑手群体为甚。男性与青年群体的DUIA流行率更高。饮酒后驾驶与乘用车驾驶员及摩托车骑手群体自我报告RTIs的风险升高显著相关。尽管巴西已出台针对DUIA的零容忍全面立法，但仍需强化执法力度。