BIOENERGY PRODUCTION AS A AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY SEGMENT BASED ON ORGANIC WASTE ENERGY CONVERSION

The transition to alternative energy sources is determined by the scarcity of fossil fuels and problems associated with climate change. Bioenergy production is particularly relevant in rural areas where biological factors of production play a key role. Scientifi c and technological progress in the development of bioenergy potential is aimed at obtaining biofuels of the second and third generation. The paper summarizes global experience of bioenergy development. Based on the obtained results, the ways and mechanisms of bioenergy development in Russia are proposed, namely, solving the problems of decontamination and recycling of organic waste, obtaining environmentally friendly organic bio-fertilizers, reducing the anthropogenic impact
of agriculture on the environment and soil, increasing the profi tability of agricultural organizations and employment in rural areas. The development of bioenergy potential represents a wide range of technologies and approaches to organizing energy production from organic raw materials, requires special knowledge and skills of administrative and management personnel, and should also include mechanisms for fi nancial support of the industry through the development of a state target program. This approach can be implemented through the organization of a system of regional specialized institutes (technoparks) based
on the existing agricultural enterprises.

向替代能源转型的进程，取决于化石燃料的稀缺性与气候变化引发的各类问题。生物能源生产在农业生产生物要素占据核心地位的农村地区尤为重要。生物能源潜力开发领域的科技进步，目标在于研发第二代及第三代生物燃料。本文综述了全球生物能源发展的实践经验，并基于研究结果提出了俄罗斯生物能源的发展路径与运行机制，具体包括：解决有机废弃物的净化处理与循环利用难题、制备环境友好型有机生物肥料（bio-fertilizers）、降低农业活动对环境与土壤的人为影响（anthropogenic impact）、提升农业经营主体的盈利能力以及带动农村地区就业。生物能源潜力开发涵盖了以有机原料为基础开展能源生产的多元技术与路径，对行政及管理人员的专业知识与技能提出了特定要求，同时还需通过制定国家专项规划建立产业金融支持机制。该发展路径可依托现有农业企业，通过构建区域专业化研究院所（科技园区，technoparks）体系加以落实。