Replication Data for: Waves of securitisation: the rise, fall and resurgence of citizenship stripping regulations in Europe, 1960 - 2022

The rise of citizenship stripping as part of a broader securitisation trend in the post-9/11 world has been frequently observed in public discourse and academic scholarship. Europe has been on the forefront of this trend with an increasing number of states introducing regulations on security-based citizenship deprivation in national legislation since the early 2000s, often allowing for substantial administrative discretion with few procedural safeguards. Remarkably, there is limited understanding of how new this phenomenon is and what the most common deprivation grounds are. In this paper, we leverage new longitudinal data on the regulation of security-based citizenship deprivation in 47 European states, going back to 1960. We identify two ‘waves of securitisation’, including an early wave focused on disloyalty in the 1970s and 1980s. After a liberalising period in the 1990s, we observe a strong resurgence of security-related deprivation provisions. Closer scrutiny of the language deployed by deprivation provisions confirms a discursive shift from concerns about disloyalty towards state security.

后9·11时代，作为泛安全化趋势组成部分的剥夺公民权现象抬头，这一点在公共话语与学术研究中已被多次提及。欧洲处于这一趋势的前沿：自21世纪初以来，越来越多的欧洲国家在本国立法中引入了基于安全考量的剥夺公民权相关规制，此类规制往往赋予行政机关极大的自由裁量权，且配套程序保障寥寥无几。值得注意的是，学界对这一现象的兴起时长，以及最常见的剥夺公民权事由仍缺乏足够认知。本研究采用了可追溯至1960年的全新纵向数据集，该数据集涵盖47个欧洲国家的基于安全考量的剥夺公民权规制情况。我们识别出两轮“安全化浪潮”：第一轮浪潮始于20世纪70至80年代，核心关切为不忠行为；在20世纪90年代的自由化时期过后，我们观察到与安全相关的剥夺公民权条款再度强势复苏。对剥夺公民权条款所用措辞的细致分析证实，相关话语已从对不忠行为的关切转向对国家安全的考量。