Management of Charcoal Rot of Mungbean by Two Trichoderma Species and Dry Biomass of Coronopus didymus

ABSTRACT: A pot experiment was carried out to check the effect of Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. dry biomass application (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and two species of Trichoderma (T. viride and T. aureoviride) on growth and physiology of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) WIlczek] under biotic stress of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Inoculation of M. phaseolina (positive control) reduced plant survival, shoot and root length as well as plant dry biomass by 22%, 52%, 61% and 64%, respectively, over the negative control (without any amendment). There was 100% plant survival in treatments with T. aureoviride alone or in combination with 1% and 2% C. didymus biomass. Likewise, T. viride in combination with 2% biomass also showed 100% plant survival. Application of 3% C. didymus biomass had a pronounced effect on crop growth resulting in 101%, 233% and 342% increase in shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively, over the positive control. Sole inoculation of either of the two Trichoderma spp. significantly enhanced various plant growth parameters over the positive control. In general, in combination with 2% biomass of C. didymus, both Trichodermaspp. proved to be the best choice for improving mungbean biomass under stress of M. phaseolina. Activity of denfense related enzymes viz. peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was generally higher in treatments in which 1% C. didymus biomass was applied either alone or combined with Trichoderma spp. in M. phaseolina inoculated soil.

摘要：本研究通过盆栽试验，旨在探究双果荠（Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.）干生物质施用量（1%、2%、3% 质量比）以及两种木霉属（Trichoderma）菌株——绿色木霉（T. viride）与黄绿木霉（T. aureoviride）——对菜豆壳球孢菌（Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.）生物胁迫下绿豆[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]生长及生理特性的影响。接种菜豆壳球孢菌的阳性对照组，相较于未施加任何外源处理的阴性对照组，植株存活率、地上部长度、根长及植株干生物量分别下降22%、52%、61%与64%。单独施用黄绿木霉，或其与1%、2%双果荠生物质配施的处理组，植株存活率均达100%；同理，绿色木霉与2%双果荠生物质配施的处理组也实现了100%植株存活。施加3%双果荠生物质对作物生长具有显著促进效果，相较于阳性对照组，地上部长度、根长及植株生物量分别提升101%、233%与342%。单独接种两种木霉属菌株中的任意一种，均可显著提升阳性对照组的多项植株生长指标。总体而言，与2%双果荠生物质配施时，两种木霉属菌株均为菜豆壳球孢菌胁迫下提升绿豆生物量的最优选择。在接种菜豆壳球孢菌的土壤中，单独施加1%双果荠生物质，或其与木霉属菌株配施的处理组，其防御相关酶活性，即过氧化物酶（peroxidase, PO）、多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL），普遍更高。