Finnish University Graduates of Year 2009: Career and Employment Survey 2014

The survey charted the career and employment situation of people who had graduated from Finnish universities with a lower (BA/BSc or equivalent) or higher (MA/MSc or equivalent) degree in 2009. The survey was conducted five years after graduation. The first part investigated the respondents' education and work history. They were asked whether they had, after graduation, participated in job-related training, career guidance or had studied for or completed any additional professional qualification or higher education degree. Further questions covered the number of employers, number of separate employment contracts and offices, whether the respondents had been entrepreneurs, self-employed or freelancers and for how long, or whether they had been outside the labour market because of a family leave. Periods of unemployment, obstacles to getting a job (e.g. lack of experience, challenging labour market situation in the field, gender), and employment situation at the time of graduation were investigated. Those who had not been employed at the time of graduation were asked how long it had taken to get their first job. Characteristics of the first job after graduation were surveyed, including contract type, employer type, and type of work. The respondents were also asked whether the first job had required an academic degree, whether it had been commensurate with their qualification, and to what extend they had been able to utilise knowledge and skills gained during their university studies. The next section focused on the respondents' current employment situation. Questions covered the type of main employer, type of work, monthly gross wage income, whether they could utilise the knowledge and skills gained during their university studies, whether the job was commensurate with their level of education, and if not, why they had accepted the job. The respondents were presented with a number of statements relating to their job and e.g. whether their work was in line with their career goals and whether they found their work mentally stressful. The respondents with fixed-term contracts were asked why their contract was fixed-term. The survey also explored the respondents' satisfaction with their degree and studies. Questions covered satisfaction with the degree from the point of view of career, how important certain skills and know-how were in the respondents' current job and how well their studies had developed these skills. The skills mentioned included, for instance, theoretical or practical knowledge of their field, problem solving, managerial skills, negotiation skills, project management, and communication in English. It was also surveyed which of these skills the respondents deemed the most important in the future. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age at the time of graduation (categorised), the university they attended and information on the degree (field of study, number of credits required for the degree, degree level).

本调研针对2009年从芬兰高校毕业、获得学士（BA/BSc或同等学位）或硕士（MA/MSc或同等学位）层次学历的人群，追踪其毕业五年后的职业与就业状况。调研第一模块聚焦受访者的教育与工作履历：询问其毕业后是否参与过职业相关培训、职业指导，或进修并取得额外职业资格证书或高等教育学位。后续问题涵盖雇主数量、独立雇佣合同与办公场所数量，受访者是否曾作为创业者、个体经营者或自由职业者及其从业时长，或是因家庭事由（如育儿假）脱离劳动力市场的情况；同时调研了失业时长、求职阻碍因素（如缺乏工作经验、所在领域劳动力市场形势严峻、性别因素等），以及毕业时的就业状态。对于毕业时未就业的受访者，进一步询问其找到第一份工作所需的时长。本调研还调研了毕业生首份工作的特征，包括合同类型、雇主类型与工作类型；询问首份工作是否要求学术学位、是否与自身资质匹配，以及受访者在多大程度上能够运用大学阶段习得的知识与技能。下一模块聚焦受访者当前的就业现状：问题涵盖主要雇主类型、工作类型、月度毛工资收入，能否运用大学阶段习得的知识与技能，当前工作是否与其教育水平匹配，若不匹配则需说明接受该工作的原因。调研还向受访者呈现了一系列与工作相关的表述，例如工作是否契合其职业目标、是否感到工作带来精神压力等。对于签订固定期限合同的受访者，还询问了其合同为固定期限的原因。本次调研同时探索了受访者对其学位与学业的满意度：问题包括从职业发展视角对学位的满意度、特定技能与专业知识在当前工作中的重要程度，以及学业对这些技能的培养效果。提及的技能包括所在领域的理论与实践知识、问题解决能力、管理技能、谈判技巧、项目管理能力，以及英语沟通能力等；此外还调研了受访者认为未来最重要的上述技能有哪些。调研收集的背景变量包括受访者性别、毕业时的年龄（已分类）、就读高校，以及学位相关信息（研究领域、学位所需学分、学位层次）。